Table 1.

Questionnaire items of the HU-DBI. In the calculation of HU-DBI; (A): One point is given for each of these agree responses, (D): One point is given for each of these disagree responses.

Item No.	Item descriptions
1	I don’t worry much about visiting the dentist
2	My gums tend to bleed when I brush my teeth (D)
3	I worry about colour of my teeth
4	I have noticed some white sticky deposits on my teeth (A)
5	I use a child-sized toothbrush
6	I think that I cannot help having false teeth when I am old (D)
7	I am bothered by the colour of my gums
8	I think my teeth are getting worse despite my daily brushing (D)
9	I brush each of my teeth carefully (A)
10	I have never been professionally taught how to brush (D)
11	I think I can clean my teeth without using toothpaste (A)
12	I often check my teeth in a mirror after brushing (A)
13	I worry about having bad breath
14	It is impossible to prevent gum disease with toothbrushing alone (D)
15	I put off going to the dentist until I have a toothache (D)
16	I have used a dye to see how clean my teeth are (A)
17	I use a toothbrush which has hard bristles
18	I don’t feel I’ve brushed well unless I brush with strong strokes
19	I feel I sometimes take too much time to brush my teeth (A)
20	I have had my dentist tell me that I brush very well
21	I am satisfied with the appearance of my teeth
22	I brush my teeth twice daily or more
23	I use dental floss on regular basis everyday
24	I use mouthwash on regular basis
25	I smoke cigarettes
26	I smoke more than ½ pack per day
27	I have been smoking for more than one year