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. 2011 Jul 15;6(7):e22165. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0022165

Table 1. Comparative analyses of the flexor superficial muscles forearm among Cebus libidinosus (C.l.), human (Homo), chimpanzee (Pan) and baboon (Papio).

Muscle Features Cebus libidinosus Homo Pan Papio
Flexor carpi ulnaris Origin Medial epicondyle of humerus and olecranon Highly similar to C.l. CAI = 0.0 Highly similar to C.l. CAI = 0.0 Highly similar to C.l. CAI = 0.0
Insertion Pisiform bone
Innervation Ulnar nerve
Vascularization Ulnar artery
Palmaris longus Origin Medial epicondyle of humerus Variable, may be absentSomewhat similar to C.l. CAI = 0.425 Highly similar to C.l. CAI = 0.0 Highly similar to C.l. CAI = 0,0
Insertion Palmar aponeurosis
Innervation Median nerve
Vascularization Ulnar artery
Flexor carpi radialis Origin Medial epicondyle of humerus Similar to C.l.Vascularized by radial arteryCAI = 0.125 Double insertion in metacarpal II and IIISomewhat similar to C.l. CAI = 0.250 Highly similar to C.l. CAI = 0.0
Insertion Base of metacarpal II
Innervation Median nerve
Vascularization Ulnar artery
Flexor digitorum superficialis Origin Humeral head – medial epicondyle of the humerus; Radial head – anterior surface of the radius Three heads of origin – humeral, radial and ulnar.Somewhat similar to C.l. CAI = 0.375 Highly similar to HomoSomewhat similar to C.l. CAI = 0.375 Highly Similar to C.l. CAI = 0.0
Insertion Middle phalanges of II to V fingers
Innervation Median nerve
Vascularization Ulnar artery and branches of the radial artery
Pronator teres Origin Medial epicondyle of humerus Two heads of origin, humeral and ulnarSomewhat similar to C.l. CAI = 0.375 Highly similar to HomoSomewhat similar to C.l. CAI = 0.375 Highly similar to C.l. CAI = 0.0
Insertion Postero-lateral portion of the radius
Innervation Median nerve
Vascularization Ulnar artery
Superficial group Somewhat similarGCAI = 0.26 Similar GCAI = 0.20 Highly similar GCAI = 0.0