Shown is scheme of MDMA metabolism. After O-demethylenation to HHMA, metabolism of MDMA can proceed via different routes, including (but not limited to) N-demethylation to HHA, O-methylation to HMMA, and the formation of thioether conjugates, such as 5-NAC-HHMA and 5-glutathion-S-yl-HHMA (5-GSH-HHMA).