Table 6.
Comparison of Involuntary and Voluntary Memories from Experiment 2
Variable | Means | ANOVAs (F1,84) | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Involuntary | Voluntary | Group Voluntary/ Involuntary |
Inter- action |
||||
Control Group |
PTSD Group |
Control Group |
PTSD Group |
||||
Emotions | |||||||
Intensity | 2.82 | 4.00 | 2.63 | 3.78 | 17.88**** | 8.63*** | 0.04 |
Reaction | 2.38 | 3.29 | 2.16 | 3.10 | 11.00** | 12.87*** | 0.10 |
Mood Change | 3.05 | 4.30 | 2.86 | 3.97 | 17.73**** | 11.87*** | 0.95 |
Valence | 0.31 | −0.29 | 0.41 | 0.07 | 5.41* | 8.07** | 2.60 |
Rehearsal | |||||||
Rehearsal | 3.22 | 3.91 | 3.37 | 4.24 | 8.66** | 13.77*** | 1.84 |
Involuntary | 3.19 | 4.14 | 3.10 | 4.10 | 10.99** | 0.93 | 0.15 |
Centrality | |||||||
Life-Story | 2.85 | 4.05 | 2.89 | 4.18 | 14.83*** | 1.37 | 0.43 |
Sensory and Language Processes | |||||||
See | 5.85 | 5.95 | 5.77 | 5.96 | 0.40 | 0.46 | 0.74 |
Field | 5.64 | 5.96 | 5.74 | 5.97 | 1.73 | 1.64 | 1.23 |
Setting | 5.92 | 5.83 | 5.95 | 5.92 | 0.08 | 1.66 | 0.57 |
Hear | 4.01 | 4.74 | 4.02 | 4.73 | 4.21* | 0.01 | 0.02 |
Smell | 1.92 | 2.44 | 1.94 | 2.40 | 2.26 | 0.01 | 0.31 |
In-Words | 3.26 | 3.64 | 3.23 | 3.55 | 0.83 | 1.23 | 0.38 |
Narrative | |||||||
Story | 4.77 | 5.44 | 4.78 | 5.50 | 4.30* | 0.38 | 0.15 |
Pieces | 2.92 | 2.73 | 2.97 | 2.65 | 0.69 | 0.03 | 0.91 |
Metacognitive Judgments | |||||||
Reliving | 4.11 | 4.83 | 4.04 | 4.49 | 2.97 | 6.60* | 2.69 |
Belief | 5.82 | 6.18 | 5.85 | 6.23 | 2.95 | 1.47 | 0.04 |
Reported Properties of Events | |||||||
Specific | 0.55 | 0.53 | 0.55 | 0.54 | 0.06 | 0.11 | 0.01 |
Age-of-Memory1 | 4.23 | 4.64 | 4.35 | 4.79 | 1.50 | 5.72* | 0.08 |
Trauma Related | 0.28 | 0.44 | 0.26 | 0.42 | 5.78* | 0.80 | 0.01 |
Note:
p < .05,
p < .01,
p < .001.
years between the event and the testing.