Table 1.
Summary of the published incidence, mortality and morbidity of pregnancy-related stroke.
| Study (year) | Population sampled (years) |
Inclusion | Incidence (per 100,000 Mortality/morbidity (%) deliveries) |
Ref. | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cross et al. (1968) |
Killearn Hospital, Glasgow, Scotland, UK (1956–1967) |
Carotid artery distribution infarcts in pregnancy plus up to 16 days PP |
5 | Mortality 26 | [25] |
| Wiebers et al. (1985) |
Rochester, MN, USA (1955–1979) |
3.8 | [49] | ||
| Simolke et al. (1991) |
Parkland Memorial Hospital, Dallas, TX, USA (1984–1990) |
Stroke: included CVT ICH: included SAH |
Stroke: 10 ICH: 6.7 |
Overall: morbidity 40, mortality 20 | [50] |
| Sharshar et al. (1995) |
Hospitals in region of ile de France (1989–1992) |
Stroke: ‘stroke-like deficits’, excluded CVT ICH: excluded SAH Pregnancy plus 2 weeks PP |
Stroke: 4.3 ICH: 4.6 |
Stroke: morbidity 33, mortality 0 ICH: morbidity 50, mortality 25 |
[8] |
| Kittner et al. (1996) |
Hospitals in Baltimore–Washington DC, USA (1988–1991) |
Stroke: included CVT ICH: excluded SAH Pregnancy plus 6 weeks PP Women aged 15–44 years |
Stroke: 11 ICH: 9 |
[1] | |
| Lanska and Kryscio(1997) |
National Hospital Discharge Survey (1979–1991) |
Diagnosis codes 674.0† or 671.5‡from hospitalization of delivery |
Stroke: 10.3† CVT: 8.9 |
Stroke: mortality 2.2 CVT: mortality 0 |
[2] |
| Lanska and Kryscio(1998) |
National Hospital Discharge Survey (1979–1991) |
Diagnosis codes 674.0 or 671.5, not restricted to hospitalization of delivery Women aged 15–44 years |
Stroke: 17.7† CVT: 11.4 |
Stroke: mortality 3.3 CVT: mortality 0 |
[3] |
| Lanska and Kryscio (2000) |
Nationwide Inpatient Sample (1993-1994) |
Diagnosis codes 674.0 or 671.5 from hospitalization of delivery Women aged 15-44 years |
Stroke: 13.1† CVT: 11.6 |
Stroke: mortality† 14.7 CVT: mortality 0 9.3 of those discharged had postacute care needs |
[4] |
| Jaigobin and Silver (2000) |
Toronto Hospital, Canada (1980–1997) |
Stroke: included CVT ICH: included SAH |
Stroke: 18 ICH: 8 |
Stroke: mortality 0 ICH: mortality 23 |
[11] |
| James et al. (2005) |
Nationwide Inpatient Sample (2000–2001) |
Included hemorrhage, arterial stroke, CVT or diagnosis code 674.0 |
34.2 | Mortality 4.1 22 discharged to facility other than home |
[5] |
| Bateman et al. (2006) |
Nationwide Inpatient Sample (1993–2002) |
ICH: diagnosis code 431 Women aged 15–44 years |
ICH: 6.1 | Mortality 20.3 | [7] |
| Liang et al. (2006) |
Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taiwan (1992–2004) |
Stroke: included CVT ICH: included SAH |
Stroke: 13.5 ICH: 25.4 |
[12] | |
†The ninth edition of the International Classification of Diseases (ICD-9) 674.0 includes the following ICD-9 codes, occurring during pregnancy, childbirth or the puerperium: 430 SAH; 431 ICH; 432 other and unspecified intracranial hemorrhage; 433 occlusion and stenosis of precerebral arteries; 434 occlusion of cerebral arteries; 436 acute, but ill-defined cerebrovascular disease (which includes apoplectic apoplexy and cerebral seizure); 437 other and ill-defined cerebrovascular disease (which includes cerebral atherosclerosis, hypertensive encephalopathy, cerebral aneurysm unruptured, cerebral arteritis, Moyamoya disease, nonpyogenic thrombosis of the intracranial venous sinus and transient global amnesia).
‡ICD-9 671.5: CVT.
CVT: Cerebral venous thrombosis; ICH: Intracerebral hemorrhage; PP: Postpartum; SAH: Subarachnoid hemorrhage.