Table 3a.
Socio-demographic factors associated with first-time and repeat HIV testing compared to no HIV testing among men and women in Soweto, South Africa (N=3416)
| Proportion reporting HIV testing, % | Adjusted odds ratio, AOR (95% CI); p-value* | Adjusted odds ratio, AOR (95% CI); p-value* | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Socio-demographic variables | No HIV testing (N=1756) | First- time HIV testing (N=699) | Repeat HIV testing (N=961) | First-time HIV testing vs. no HIV testing | Repeat HIV testing vs. no HIV testing |
| Gender † ┼ | |||||
| Male | 37.6 | 32.0 | 22.9 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Female | 62.4 | 68.0 | 77.1 | 3.45 (2.83–4.22); <0.0001 | 5.32 (4.35–6.52); <0.0001 |
|
| |||||
| Age, years † ┼ | |||||
| 18–23 | 56.1 | 44.8 | 28.5 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| 23–28 | 25.0 | 31.3 | 36.4 | 1.41 (1.11–1.79); 0.004 | 2.02 (1.60–2.55); <0.0001 |
| ≥28 | 18.9 | 23.9 | 35.1 | 1.19 (0.92–1.54); 0.180 | 2.00 (1.55–2.57); <0.0001 |
|
| |||||
| Education, years ┼ | |||||
| 7 or below | 8.0 | 8.0 | 6.7 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| 8–12 | 82.0 | 80.5 | 81.5 | 1.11 (0.78–1.58); 0.551 | 1.53 (1.07–2.19); 0.017 |
| ≥12 | 9.9 | 11.4 | 11.9 | 1.33 (0.84–2.09); 0.212 | 1.79 (1.15–2.79); 0.010 |
|
| |||||
| Primary occupation † ┼ | |||||
| Employed | 40.6 | 39.7 | 47.6 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Unemployed | 33.6 | 46.3 | 46.7 | 1.05 (0.84–1.31); 0.625 | 0.83 (0.65–1.06); 0.147 |
| Student | 25.8 | 13.9 | 5.7 | 0.58 (0.43–0.79); <0.0001 | 0.23 (0.16–0.34); <0.0001 |
|
| |||||
| Received income in the last year ┼ | |||||
| Yes | 63.4 | 66.0 | 68.9 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| No | 36.6 | 34.0 | 31.1 | 0.90 (0.71–1.14); 0.390 | 1.10 (0.86–1.40); 0.417 |
|
| |||||
| Socioeconomic status (SES) | |||||
| Low | 20.0 | 18.8 | 17.5 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Moderate | 56.4 | 55.7 | 58.0 | 0.98 (0.76–1.26); 0.905 | 1.06 (0.82–1.37); 0.625 |
| High | 24.6 | 25.5 | 24.5 | 1.14 (0.85–1.54); 0.370 | 1.00 (0.74–1.35); 0.959 |
|
| |||||
| Marital status ┼ | |||||
| Single | 93.8 | 89.1 | 79.1 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Married | 6.2 | 10.9 | 20.9 | 1.14 (0.81–1.60); 0.441 | 1.66 (1.24–2.23); 0.001 |
|
| |||||
| Currently has a sex partner † ┼ | |||||
| Yes | 64.8 | 78.8 | 84.3 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| No | 35.2 | 21.2 | 15.7 | 0.54 (0.43–0.68); <0.0001 | 0.49 (0.39–0.62); <0.0001 |
|
| |||||
| Children under care † ┼ | |||||
| 0 | 44.1 | 33.0 | 25.9 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| 1 | 41.9 | 48.2 | 51.8 | 1.23 (1.00–1.53); 0.044 | 1.54 (1.25–1.91); <0.0001 |
| ≥2 | 14.0 | 18.7 | 22.3 | 1.43 (1.08–1.89); 0.011 | 2.05 (1.56–2.70); <0.0001 |
|
| |||||
| Source of medical care when in need † | |||||
| Public sector | 69.9 | 75.9 | 70.8 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Traditional system | 3.8 | 1.9 | 1.3 | 0.54 (0.29–1.02); 0.061 | 0.45 (0.23–0.90); 0.023 |
| Private/NGO Sector | 26.3 | 22.3 | 27.9 | 0.76 (0.61–0.96); 0.022 | 1.05 (0.85–1.31); 0.604 |
|
| |||||
| Plan to migrate in the next 2.5 years † ┼ | |||||
| Yes | 32.6 | 36.1 | 36.6 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| No | 67.4 | 63.9 | 63.4 | 0.81 (0.67–0.99); 0.046 | 0.76 (0.62–0.92); 0.007 |
†
Variables adjusted in multivariable model of predictors of first-time HIV testing (age, gender, occupation, migration, sex partner, children under care, source of medical care)
┼
Variables adjusted in multivariable model of predictors of repeat HIV testing (age, gender, education, occupation, migration, sex partner, children under care, married, received income)
*
Bolded findings reflect statistically significant results (p<0.05).