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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2011 Jul 18.
Published in final edited form as: Methods Enzymol. 2010;475:591–623. doi: 10.1016/S0076-6879(10)75022-9

Figure 3.

Figure 3

Single base recognition in immobilized DNA strands. (A) The translocation of a DNA strand can be arrested by using a terminal DNA hairpin. (B) Alternatively, the translocation of a biotinylated (yellow cylinder) DNA strand can be halted by pre-incubating the ssDNA with streptavidin (red). The green circles indicate the DNA that is in the vestibule and the blue circles are the DNA bases that span the barrel of the pore. (C) The barrel of the pore can be sampled by measuring the current blockades provoked by DNA sequences in which the location of a single base is moved within an otherwise identical background. Hrp, hairpin; Btn, biotinylated linker; NX, nucleotides that are in the vestibule of the pore; CX, nucleotides that protrude through the trans entrance of the pore.