TABLE 3.

Adjusted relationships between maternal mental health scores and feeding styles scores

	Stress		Depression		Anxiety		Cumulative mental health symptomatology
Feeding styles1	β	95% CI	β	95% CI	β	95% CI	β	95% CI
Responsive feeding2	0.13	(−0.04, 0.07)	0.05	(−0.05, 0.14)	−0.03	(−0.10, 0.05)	0.004	(−0.10, 0.09)
Forceful feeding3	0.03*	(0.02, 0.05)	0.03*	(0.004, 0.05)	0.04*	(0.02, 0.06)	0.04*	(0.02, 0.07)
Restrictive feeding4	IE5		IE5		0.11*	(0.01, 0.21)	IE5
Indulgent feeding6	0.02	(−0.002, 0.03)	0.03*	(0.004, 0.06)	0.02	(−0.004, 0.04)	0.02	(−0.01, 0.05)
Uninvolved feeding7	1.4*	(1.1, 1.7)	1.5*	(1.001, 2.2)	1.4*	(1.01, 1.9)	1.5*	(1.1, 2.2)

¹Continuous feeding style variables include responsive, forceful, restrictive, and indulgent. Forceful and indulgent feeding style variables were normalized using the natural logarithm, and the uninvolved feeding style factor was dichotomized. Relationship with continuous and dichotomous feeding variables examined using multiple linear and logistic regression models, respectively.

^*P < 0.05.

²Multivariate linear regression used to adjust for maternal education, breastfeeding status, race/ethnicity, and infant age, and infant gender.

³Multivariate linear regression used to adjust for race/ethnicity.

⁴Multivariate linear regression used to adjust for maternal age, maternal education, marriage, current breast-feeding status, and race/ethnicity, infant gender, and low birth weight.

⁵Significant interaction effects (IE) between the restrictive feeding style and depression, stress, and cumulative mental health symptomatology were detected in the multivariate regression model and were thus not included in the main effects models but further evaluated in stratified analyses (see Fig. 1).

⁶Multivariate linear regression used to adjust for maternal age, maternal education, race/ethnicity, infant age, and infant gender.

⁷Multivariate logistic regression used to adjust for current breast-feeding status, marriage, and race/ethnicity; findings presented as OR.