Table 2.

Activity of Vernonia amygdalina Del. extract, fractions, Epivernodalol and doxorubicin against HT-144 (skin melanoma) cell line.

Code	GI50 (μg/mL)	TGI (μg/mL)	LC50 (μg/mL)
MEVA (extract)	86 ± 1.3	141.3 ± 4.7	199 ± 10.8
VAD (fraction)	3.3 ± 0.3**	6.3 ± 0.3**	10.6 ± 0.8**
VAP (fraction)	9.7 ± 2.3*	21.2 ± 5.4*	37.7 ± 4.4*
Epivernodalol	1.76 ± 0.3**	7.33 ± 0.55**	22 ± 1.2**
Doxorubicin	0.01 ± 0	0.07 ± 0.03	0.48 ± 0.1

Each value represents the means ± SD of three independent experiments.

^*Significantly different from MEVA (p < 0.05).

^**Significantly different from MEVA (p < 0.01). GI₅₀ = Growth inhibition of 50% of the cells; TGI = Total growth inhibition. LC₅₀ = Lethal concentration of the compound/extract that kills 50% of the cells. MEVA: methanolic extract of Vernonia amygdalina; VAP: petroleum ether fraction; VAD: dichloromethane fraction. (Adapted from Owoeye et al. [37]).