Table 4.
Univariate odds ratios (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) of poor sleep outcomes, by gender in Mexican-Americans
| Sleep Outcomes | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Risk Factors Unadjusted OR (95% CI) | SHST < 7 h/weeknight (Short habitual sleep time < 7 h/night) | SHST < 6 h/weeknight (Short habitual sleep time < 6 h/night) | Sleep Deprivation Self-Perception (past month) | Mild/Moderate Insomnia (insomnia symptoms > 5-15 times/month) | Severe Insomnia (insomnia symptoms > 15 times/month) | Insomnia with SHST < 7 h/weeknight (insomnia symptoms > 5-15 times/month with short habitual sleep time < 7 h/night) |
| Men (N = 543) | ||||||
| Immigrant | 0.41 (0.26-0.64)* | 0.63 (0.38-1.05) | 0.44 (0.24-0.79)* | 0.40 (0.24-0.66)* | 0.24 (0.11-0.54)* | 0.25 (0.14-0.47)* |
| Language use at home | ||||||
| Only Spanish (0) | 1.0 (reference) | 1.0 (reference) | 1.0 (reference) | 1.0 (reference) | 1.0 (reference) | 1.0 (reference) |
| Spanish > English (1) | 2.23 (1.41-3.54)* | 1.73 (0.84-3.54) | 1.32 (0.57-3.06) | 1.93 (0.44-8.57) | 0.95 (0.31-3.74) | 2.51 (0.57-11.60) |
| Spanish = English (2) | 1.65 (0.49-5.54) | 1.59 (0.44-5.70) | 2.54 (1.09-5.93)* | 1.78 (0.93-3.38) | 2.50 (1.20-5.32)* | 2.95 (1.08-8.08)* |
| Spanish < English (3) | 4.57 (3.06-6.81)* | 3.43 (1.69-6.98)* | 3.65 (1.74-7.68)* | 1.92 (0.93-3.97) | 1.74 (0.92-3.54) | 4.35 (1.39-14.40)* |
| Only English (4) | 2.54 (1.24-5.06)* | 1.64 (0.63-4.24) | 2.64 (1.30-5.38)* | 3.15 (1.61-6.19)* | 1.62 (0.81-3.22) | 5.55 (2.18-13.91)* |
| Insufficient social support | 0.76 (0.55-1.14) | 0.99 (0.46-2.12) | 2.60 (1.34-5.03)* | 4.98 (2.54-9.78)* | 3.81 (1.01-18.73)* | 2.5 (1.3-4.7)* |
| Age (5-year increments) | 1.04 (0.97-1.12) | 1.10 (1.03-1.19)* | 1.04 (0.96-1.13) | 1.10 (1.004-1.04)* | 1.07 (0.88-1.32) | 1.17 (1.06-1.29)* |
| Family income (≥ twice the poverty level) | 1.56 (0.84-3.10) | 1.82 (1.09-2.90)* | 1.59 (1.15-2.18)* | 3.10 (1.32-7.40)* | 2.11 (0.70-6.21) | 2.34 (1.01-5.32)* |
| No high school diploma | 0.54 (0.28-1.03) | 0.58 (0.34-1.04) | 0.38 (0.20-0.73)* | 0.79 (0.40-1.59) | 0.60 (0.26-1.42) | 0.86 (0.46-1.63) |
| Single | 0.98 (0.77-1.24) | 0.55 (0.30-1.01) | 1.55 (0.89-2.70) | 1.27 (0.76-2.14) | 1.07 (0.51-2.19) | 1.33 (0.78-2.28) |
| Sedentary leisure time (TV & computer use ≥ 3 h/day) | 3.35 (1.49-7.50)* | 1.91 (0.60-6.03) | 2.08 (1.11-3.91)* | 3.28 (1.27-8.49)* | 2.87 (0.72-11.51) | 3.61 (2.15-6.09)* |
| Current smoker | 0.93 (0.49-1.77) | 1.80 (0.81-4.00) | 0.70 (0.32-1.54) | 0.91 (0.51-1.60) | 1.09 (0.31-3.79) | 1.19 (0.47-3.04) |
| Drinking caffeinated drink (≥ 1 cup/day) | 1.15 (0.69-1.93) | 1.31 (0.61-2.80) | 1.36 (0.80-2.31) | 1.91 (1.27-2.86)* | 2.10 (1.09-4.03)* | 2.47 (1.58-3.87)* |
| Drinking alcohol (≥ 1 time/month) | 0.69 (0.54-1.04) | 0.93 (0.54-1.83) | 0.73 (0.30-1.34) | 0.89 (0.34-2.06) | 0.61 (0.22-1.83) | 0.58 (0.16-1.46) |
| Ever use of illegal drugs | 1.06 (0.71-1.56) | 1.12 (0.59-2.11) | 1.09 (0.55-2.15) | 1.28 (0.79-2.06) | 0.44 (0.11-1.85) | 1.36 (0.70-2.61) |
| Self-reported fair or poor overall general health | 0.89 (0.69-1.15) | 0.93 (0.59-1.44) | 1.48 (0.94-2.34) | 2.13 (1.16-3.91)* | 1.73 (0.56-5.32) | 2.12 (1.01-4.51)* |
| Depression (PHQ-9 score ≥ 10) | 1.53 (0.48-4.78) | 1.72 (0.39-7.50) | 1.36 (0.61-3.02) | 4.32 (1.41-13.23)* | 4.84 (1.70-13.82)* | 6.29 (2.29-17.25)* |
| Women (N = 499) | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Immigrant | 0.78 (0.53-1.15) | 1.09 (0.54-2.18) | 0.66 (0.29-1.45) | 0.67 (0.43-1.03) | 0.59 (0.25-1.40) | 0.68 (0.39-1.19) |
| Language use at home | ||||||
| Only Spanish (0) | 1.0 (reference) | 1.0 (reference) | 1.0 (reference) | 1.0 (reference) | 1.0 (reference) | 1.0 (reference) |
| Spanish > English (1) | 0.95 (0.60-1.50) | 0.37 (0.10-1.29) | 1.45 (0.61-3.46) | 0.83 (0.45-1.52) | 1.0 (0.24-4.18) | 0.63 (0.15-2.73) |
| Spanish = English (2) | 1.27 (0.89-1.82) | 0.51 (0.19-1.40) | 1.47 (0.74-2.91) | 1.54 (1.06-2.33)* | 2.82 (1.21-6.55)* | 1.08 (0.54-2.18) |
| Spanish < English (3) | 1.5 (0.80-1.96) | 0.76 (0.38-1.52) | 1.00 (0.32-3.11) | 1.33 (0.73-2.44) | 0.77 (0.17-3.60) | 1.14 (0.48-2.70) |
| Only English (4) | 1.28 (0.91-1.79) | 0.83 (0.36-1.90) | 1.47 (0.70-3.09) | 1.65 (1.06-2.56)* | 1.41 (0.52-3.80) | 1.33 (0.66-2.66) |
| Insufficient social support | 0.99 (0.96-1.14) | 1.09 (0.97-1.14) | 1.02 (0.92-1.14) | 1.73 (1.19-2.52)* | 1.12 (1.03-1.24)* | 1.09 (1.04-1.24)* |
| Age (5-year increments) | 1.03 (0.64-1.56) | 0.74 (0.24-2.01) | 0.84 (0.43-1.71) | 1.01 (0.99-1.02) | 1.08 (1.002-1.18)* | 0.48 (0.24-1.44) |
| Family income (≥ twice the poverty level) | 1.46 (0.96-2.10) | 1.84 (0.82-3.80) | 1.20 (0.64-2.31) | 1.70 (1.20- 2.51)* | 1.62 (0.62-4.51) | 2.42 (1.14-5.12)* |
| No high school diploma | 0.83 (0.50-1.36) | 1.28 (0.50-3.24) | 0.81 (0.48-1.35) | 0.66 (0.46-0.94)* | 0.78 (0.43-1.41) | 0.75 (0.43-1.31) |
| Single | 1.05 (0.74-1.48) | 0.96 (0.56-1.64) | 1.04 (0.64-1.60) | 1.34 (0.88-2.06) | 1.25 (0.56-2.81) | 1.30 (0.75-2.24) |
| Sedentary leisure time (TV & computer use ≥ 3 h/day) | 1.39 (0.68-2.86) | 1.65 (0.90-3.14) | 1.16 (0.46-2.87) | 1.00 (0.43-2.35) | 0.73 (0.14-3.79) | 1.22 (0.54-2.76) |
| Current smoker | 1.69 (0.92-3.12) | 1.56 (0.90-2.68) | 1.88 (1.06-3.33)* | 1.49 (0.86-2.59) | 2.44 (0.85-7.06) | 0.84 (0.29-2.41) |
| Drinking caffeinated drink (≥ 1 cup/day) | 1.42 (0.61-3.28) | 1.08 (0.52-2.27) | 1.05 (0.64-1.76) | 1.73 (1.17-2.54)* | 1.49 (0.51-4.29) | 1.98 (1.06-3.72)* |
| Drinking alcohol (≥ 1 time/month) | 1.54 (0.94-2.51) | 0.74 (0.43-1.34) | 1.19 (0.63-2.35) | 1.28 (0.64-2.46) | 0.79 (0.46-1.11) | 1.35 (0.84-2.07) |
| Ever use of illegal drugs | 2.40 (0.77-7.47) | 1.39 (0.60-3.19) | 0.62 (0.20-1.94) | 0.86 (0.39-1.91) | 0.38 (0.07-2.08) | 1.49 (0.66-3.34) |
| Self-reported fair or poor overall general health | 1.67 (1.13-2.47)* | 2.49 (1.48-4.20)* | 1.94 (1.26-3.00)* | 2.12 (1.27-3.52)* | 4.60 (2.50-8.45)* | 3.34 (2.02-5.52)* |
| Depression (PHQ-9 score ≥ 10) | 2.46 (0.92-6.60) | 2.63 (1.58-4.35)* | 2.24 (1.18-4.26)* | 5.83 (2.76-12.31)* | 4.29 (1.94-9.48)* | 7.16 (3.58-14.33)* |
*
P-value < 0.05