Table 5.

Association between sleep medication at baseline and incident depressive symptoms over 4-year follow-up

	Model 1			Model 2			Model 3
Variable	OR	95% CI	P	OR	95% CI	P	OR	95% CI	P
Prescribed sleep medication
Yes vs No	1.70	1.33-2.19	< 0.0001	1.62	1.26-2.09	0.0002	1.71	1.33-2.20	< 0.0001
Homeopathic and non-prescription treatments
Yes vs No	1.48	0.75-2.91	0.25	1.38	0.70-2.72	0.35	1.52	0.77-3.00	0.23

Model 1 was adjusted for center, CES-D baseline, gender, age, education, living alone, coffee consumption, alcohol consumption, smoking, chronic disease, past major depression, and disability. Model 2 was adjusted for all the covariates in model 1 plus insomnia symptoms. Model 3 was adjusted for all the covariates in model 1 plus EDS.