FIGURE 5.

Regulation of expression and secretion of VEGF by O-GlcNAc in islets from older O-GlcNAcase transgenic mice and INS-1 cells. A, islets were isolated from 10-month-old female WT and O-GlcNAcase transgenic (Tg) mice, and mRNA levels were measured by quantitative PCR and normalized to cyclophilin A (n = 3–4 mice for each group). B, size-matched islets were cultured for 48 h, and VEGF content in the medium was quantified (n = 3 for each group). C and D, INS-1 cells were infected with GFP or O-GlcNAcase virus for 2 days (C) or treated with different concentrations of glucosamine overnight (D). VEGF mRNA levels were measured by quantitative PCR and normalized to cyclophilin A. E, islets were isolated from female 10-month-old WT and O-GlcNAcase transgenic female mice. The indicated protein levels were measured by Western blot. F, PGC1α mRNA was measured in islets of 10-month-old female WT and O-GlcNAcase transgenic mice (left) and INS-1 cells infected with GFP or O-GlcNAcase adenovirus as described in C (right). *, p < 0.05; ‡, p < 0.01.