Table 2.
Characteristics and mortality of 10,331 treatment-naïve patients starting combination antiretroviral therapy and remaining in care in four treatment programmes in sub-Saharan Africa.
| No. of patients (%) | Person- years of follow-up | No. of deaths | Crude hazard ratio (95% CI) | Adjusted hazard ratio (95% CI)* | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | |||||
| 16–29 | 2723 (27) | 2504 | 228 | 1 | 1 |
| 30–39 | 4655 (45) | 4314 | 363 | 0.90 (0.76–1.06) | 0.83 (0.71–0.99) |
| 40–49 | 2203 (21) | 1995 | 224 | 1.17 (0.97–1.41) | 1.10 (0.91–1.33) |
| ≥50 | 750 (7) | 664 | 97 | 1.48 (1.17–1.89) | 1.48 (1.16–1.89) |
| Sex | |||||
| Male | 3279 (32) | 2949 | 360 | 1 | 1 |
| Female | 7052 (68) | 6528 | 552 | 0.71 (0.62–0.81) | 0.85 (0.74–0.98) |
| WHO clinical stage | |||||
| N=10040 (97%) | |||||
| Less advanced (I/II) | 1522 (15) | 1482 | 33 | 1 | 1 |
| Advanced (III/IV) | 8518 (85) | 7732 | 864 | 4.78 (3.37–6.77) | 3.45 (2.43–4.90) |
| CD4 count (cells/μL) | |||||
| <25 | 1489 (15) | 1231 | 293 | 1 | 1 |
| 25–49 | 1114 (11) | 977 | 162 | 0.73 (0.60–0.88) | 0.72 (0.60–0.88) |
| 50–99 | 2082 (20) | 1924 | 168 | 0.38 (0.32–0.46) | 0.40 (0.33–0.48) |
| 100–199 | 3862 (37) | 3663 | 203 | 0.25 (0.20–0.29) | 0.27 (0.23–0.33) |
| ≥200 | 1784 (17) | 1682 | 86 | 0.20 (0.15–0.25) | 0.21 (0.17–0.27) |
| Plasma viral load (log copies/mL) | |||||
| N=4187 (39%) | |||||
| <4 | 411 (10) | 395 | 20 | 1 | 1 |
| 4–4.99 | 1684 (40) | 1596 | 116 | 1.62 (1.15–2.27) | 1.17 (0.84–1.62) |
| ≥5 | 2092 (50) | 1943 | 187 | 2.34 (1.69–3.24) | 1.30 (0.94–1.79) |
| Anaemia† | |||||
| N=6056 (58%) | |||||
| Severe | 503 (8) | 422 | 100 | 1 | 1 |
| Moderate | 1751 (29) | 1589 | 207 | 0.60 (0.49–0.73) | 0.61 (0.50–0.73) |
| Mild | 2265 (38) | 2146 | 159 | 0.34 (0.28–0.43) | 0.41 (0.33–0.50) |
| None | 1537 (25) | 1484 | 64 | 0.20 (0.15–0.26) | 0.27 (0.20–0.36) |
| Weight (kg) | |||||
| N=8139 (79%) | |||||
| <45 | 1032 (13) | 824 | 219 | 1 | 1 |
| 45–49 | 1195 (15) | 1055 | 152 | 0.56 (0.43–0.72) | 0.58 (0.47–0.73) |
| 50–59 | 2958 (36) | 2723 | 244 | 0.35 (0.28–0.44) | 0.39 (0.32–0.48) |
| ≥60 | 2954 (36) | 2820 | 136 | 0.19 (0.14–0.25) | 0.23 (0.18–0.30) |
| Total lymphocyte count (cells/μL) | |||||
| N=4180 (40%) | |||||
| <800 | 738 (17) | 629 | 138 | 1 | 1 |
| 800–1199 | 871 (21) | 814 | 74 | 0.57 (0.38–0.85) | 0.74 (0.59–0.93) |
| ≥1200 | 2571 (62) | 2450 | 165 | 0.36 (0.26–0.51) | 0.69 (0.56–0.86) |
Results from Weibull models based on all 10,331 patients, with missing values imputed.
*
Adjusted for age, sex, clinical stage and CD4 group
†
Severe=haemoglobin <8 g/dL, moderate=haemoglobin 8–10 g/dL in females and 8–11 g/dL in males, mild=haemoglobin 10–12 g/dL in females and 11–13 g/dL in males; none=haemoglobin >12 g/dL in females and >13 g/dL in males