Table 2.
Demographic Characteristics, Coexisting Illnesses, Presenting Signs and Symptoms, and Clinical Probability of PE
| Variable | Patients Enrolled (n = 447)* | Reference Test Result (n = 371)
|
MRA Result (n = 371)
|
|||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Positive for PE (n = 104) | Negative for PE (n = 267) | Technically Inadequate (n = 92) | Positive for PE (n = 61) | Negative for PE (n = 218) | ||
|
Site, n/N (%)
| ||||||
| Outpatient | 404/447 (91) | 98/104 (94) | 247/267 (93) | 88/92 (96) | 58/61 (95) | 199/218 (92) |
|
| ||||||
| Nursing home or rehabilitation center | 1/447 (0) | 1/104 (1) | 3/267 (1) | 0/92 (0) | 1/61 (2) | 3/218 (1) |
|
| ||||||
| Hospital | 29/447 (6) | 3/104 (3) | 16/267 (6) | 3/92 (3) | 1/61 (2) | 15/218 (7) |
|
| ||||||
| Intensive care unit | 0/447 (0) | 0/104 (0) | 0/267 (0) | 0/92 (0) | 0/61 (0) | 0/218 (0) |
|
| ||||||
| Unknown | 13/447 (3) | 2/104 (2) | 1/267 (0.3) | 1/92 (1) | 1/61 (2) | 1/218 (0.5) |
|
| ||||||
| Demographic characteristic | ||||||
| Women, n/N (%) | 262/447 (59) | 43/104 (41) | 163/267 (61) | 52/92 (57) | 25/61 (41) | 129/218 (59) |
|
| ||||||
| Mean age (SD), y | 49 (15) | 50 (16) | 49 (15) | 47 (14) | 51 (17) | 49 (15) |
|
| ||||||
| Race, n/N (%) | ||||||
| White | 284/447 (64) | 73/104 (70) | 179/267 (67) | 58/92 (63) | 46/61 (75) | 148/218 (68) |
|
| ||||||
| Black | 139/447 (31) | 25/104 (24) | 78/267 (29) | 32/92 (35) | 10/61 (16) | 61/218 (28) |
|
| ||||||
| Other | 24/447 (5) | 6/104 (6) | 10/267 (4) | 2/92 (2) | 5/61 (8) | 9/218 (4) |
|
| ||||||
| Mean body weight (SD), kg | 86.2 (22.4) | 91.2 (21.5) | 83.5 (20.1) | 87.0 (20.3) | 89.4 (22) | 84.1 (20.4) |
|
| ||||||
| Mean body mass index (SD), kg/m2 | 29.8 (7.7) | 29.8 (6.9) | 29.5 (7.3) | 30.1 (7.3) | 29.1 (7.1) | 29.5 (7.2) |
|
Coexisting condition, n/N (%)
| ||||||
| Smoking history | 216/435 (50) | 46/104 (44) | 136/267 (51) | 45/92 (49) | 21/61 (34) | 116/218 (53) |
|
| ||||||
| Congestive heart failure | 33/437 (8) | 7/104 (7) | 17/267 (6) | 3/92 (3) | 3/61 (5) | 18/218 (8) |
|
| ||||||
| Current asthma | 54/438 (12) | 15/104 (14) | 36/267 (13) | 19/92 (21) | 7/61 (11) | 25/218 (11) |
|
| ||||||
| Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease | 40/438 (9) | 9/104 (9) | 26/266 (10) | 11/92 (12) | 5/61 (8) | 19/217 (9) |
|
| ||||||
| Current pneumonia | 76/434 (18) | 17/104 (16) | 40/267 (15) | 16/92 (17) | 8/61 (13) | 33/218 (15) |
|
| ||||||
| Surgery in the past 3 mo | 46/438 (11) | 21/104 (20) | 23/267 (9) | 10/92 (11) | 11/61 (18) | 23/218 (11) |
|
| ||||||
| Cancer | 67/438 (15) | 24/104 (23) | 36/267 (13) | 13/92 (14) | 14/61 (23) | 33/218 (15) |
|
| ||||||
| Central venous instrumentation | 16/439 (4) | 7/104 (7) | 7/267 (3) | 5/92 (5) | 2/61 (3) | 7/218 (3) |
|
Symptom, n/N (%)
| ||||||
| Dyspnea | 137/434 (32) | 48/104 (46) | 70/267 (26) | 32/92 (35) | 28/61 (46) | 58/218 (27) |
|
| ||||||
| Pleuritic pain | 34/434 (8) | 13/104 (13) | 32/267 (12) | 16/92 (17) | 9/61 (15) | 20/218 (9) |
|
| ||||||
| Cough | 183/435 (42) | 44/104 (42) | 90/265 (34) | 42/92 (46) | 21/61 (34) | 71/216 (33) |
|
| ||||||
| Calf pain | 95/431 (22) | 34/104 (33) | 37/267 (14) | 15/92 (16) | 20/61 (33) | 36/218 (17) |
|
Sign, n/N (%)
| ||||||
| Hemoptysis | 21/443 (5) | 10/104 (10) | 6/267 (2) | 5/92 (5) | 3/61 (5) | 8/218 (4) |
|
| ||||||
| Tachypnea (≥20 breaths/min) | 152/431 (35) | 38/103 (37) | 77/266 (29) | 28/92 (30) | 22/60 (37) | 65/217 (30) |
|
| ||||||
| Crackles | 60/443 (14) | 22/104 (21) | 34/265 (13) | 15/92 (16) | 12/61 (20) | 29/216 (13) |
|
| ||||||
| Tachycardia (>100 beats/min) | 69/432 (16) | 26/104 (25) | 28/267 (10) | 14/92 (15) | 15/61 (25) | 25/218 (11) |
|
| ||||||
| Swollen calf (>1 cm) | 73/415 (18) | 32/98 (33) | 49/259 (19) | 26/87 (30) | 17/59 (29) | 38/211 (18) |
|
| ||||||
| Clinical probability, n/N (%)† | ||||||
| Low | 270/447 (60) | 8/104 (8) | 218/267 (82) | 57/92 (62) | 8/61 (13) | 161/218 (74) |
|
| ||||||
| Intermediate | 161/447 (36) | 73/104 (70) | 49/267 (18) | 28/92 (30) | 41/61 (67) | 53/218 (24) |
|
| ||||||
| High | 16/447 (4) | 23/104 (22) | 0/267 (0) | 7/92 (8) | 12/61 (20) | 4/218 (2) |
MRA = magnetic resonance angiography; PE = pulmonary embolism.
*
239 patients for whom PE was excluded and who were randomly selected not to have MRA, 84 with a nondiagnostic reference test result, and 124 in whom MRA was not completed.
†
On the basis of the Wells objective clinical assessment (9).