Figure 1.

CE administration significantly inhibited CAL27 proliferation in vitro. CAL27 cells were plated in 96-well assay plates with media containing 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS) in the absence and presence of increasing CE concentrations (0–80 μg/ml) and were allowed to proliferate for 3 days. The addition of CE induced dose-dependent inhibition of proliferation up to GI_MAX (–34%) at 40 μg/ml (a) (n = 288, P <  .01). Relative-fold increase in proliferation confirmed GI_MAX at 40 μg/ml (b), graphed as the relative fold proliferation—measured by day 3 measurement average minus day 1 measurement average (d3–d1). Two-tailed t-test and one-way ANOVA confirm statistical significance of CE-induced proliferation inhibition of CAL27 at all concentrations (c). A colour version of this figure is available online as supplementary data.