TABLE 4.

Effect of Selected Variables on the Probability of Being in a Skilled Occupation

	All migrants		Documented migrants		Undocumented migrants
	Spain	USA	Spain	USA	Spain	USA
Region (REF = South America)
Central America	1.531 (0.278)^***	−0.039 (0.167)	1.575 (0.277) ^***	0.351 (0.211)	1.481 (0.527) ^**	−0.595 (0.428)
Caribbean	−0.020 (0.205)	−0.213 (0.415)	0.008 (0.203)	−0.433 (0.346)		0.854 (0.408) ^*
Demographic background
Age	0.044 (0.027)	−0.087 (0.021) ^***	0.048 (0.029)	−0.041 (0.059)	0.023 (0.156)	−0.093 (0.032) ^**
Age squared	−0.001 (0.000)	0.001 (0.000) ^**	−0.001 (0.000)	0.000 (0.001)	−0.001 (0.002)	0.001 (0.000) ^*
Female	−0.566 (0.082) ^***	0.420 (0.145) ^**	−0.527 (0.097) ^***	0.338 (0.157) ^*	−0.955 (0.297) ^**	0.501 (0.239) ^*
Married	−0.601 (0.194) ^**	0.193 (0.240)	−0.690 (0.228) ^**	0.240 (0.427)	0.109 (0.387)	−0.265 (0.364)
Children	−0.036 (0.055)	−0.098 (0.046) ^*	−0.046 (0.060)	−0.258 (0.123) ^*	0.069 (0.132)	0.054 (0.083)
Human and social capital
Secondary school	1.101 (0.138) ^***	1.698 (0.194) ^***	1.161 (0.143) ^***	2.155 (0.330) ^***	0.599 (0.352)	1.355 (0.168) ^***
Experience years	0.070 (0.005) ^***	0.035 (0.013) ^**	0.069 (0.006) ^***	0.025 (0.011) ^*	0.110 (0.075)	0.060 (0.019) ^**
Parent	0.107 (0.136)	0.184 (0.152)	0.152 (0.141)	0.169 (0.216)	−0.752 (0.614)	0.272 (0.188)
Spouse	0.879 (0.190) ^***	0.070 (0.316)	0.928 (0.232) ^***	0.641 (0.479)	0.620 (0.425)	−0.305 (0.273)
Illegal	−0.655 (0.230) ^**	−0.654 (0.303) ^*
Intercept	−2.827 (0.491) ^***	−0.858 (0.578)	−2.989 (0.562) ^***	−2.424 (0.939) ^*	−2.464 (2.856)	−0.743 (0.925)
Pseudo R²	0.15	0.14	0.14	0.16	0.09	0.13
N	2981	1457	2520	581	454	876

Source: New Immigrant Survey (NIS) 2003; Encuesta Nacional de Inmigrantes 2007 (ENI) 2007.

Notes:

p < 0.05,

^**

p < 0.01,

^***

p < 0.001, two-tailed.

Standard errors in parentheses.

Bold face type indicates significant difference in coefficients between Spain and U.S. at p < 0.05.