Table 1.
Kinematic parameters: in experiments 1 and 2
| Movement duration (ms) |
Reaction time (ms) |
Maximum velocity (cm/s) |
|||||||
| SHAM | CB | M1 | SHAM | CB | M1 | SHAM | CB | M1 | |
| Experiment 1 | |||||||||
| Pre1 | 334 ± 59 | 329 ± 30 | 330 ± 48 | 299 ± 25 | 284 ± 40 | 287 ± 39 | 61 ± 5 | 62 ± 3 | 62 ± 4 |
| Pre2 | 324 ± 23 | 315 ± 19 | 331 ± 23 | 303 ± 20 | 293 ± 35 | 315 ± 42 | 62 ± 3 | 63 ± 4 | 62 ± 2 |
| Adapt1 | 337 ± 25 | 352 ± 27 | 340 ± 23 | 287 ± 33 | 296 ± 21 | 305 ± 32 | 61 ± 1 | 64 ± 4 | 63 ± 4 |
| Post1 | 282 ± 27 | 293 ± 25 | 315 ± 14 | 331 ± 38 | 330 ± 43 | 298 ± 19 | 62 ± 3 | 61 ± 2 | 63 ± 3 |
| Adapt2 | 300 ±21 | 292 ± 28 | 319 ± 24 | 321 ± 29 | 315 ± 31 | 319 ± 27 | 63 ± 2 | 65 ± 2 | 65 ± 5 |
| Post2 | 290 ± 20 | 295 ± 20 | 302 ± 21 | 309 ± 36 | 305 ± 39 | 321 ± 30 | 65 ± 4 | 65 ± 3 | 65 ± 3 |
| ANOVA | G: F = 0.6, P = 0.6 | G: F = 0.7, P = 0.5 | G: F = 0.9, P = 0.3 | ||||||
| B: F = 1, P = 0.2 | B: F = 0.7, P = 0.6 | B: F = 1, P = 0.2 | |||||||
| G × B: F = 0.3, P = 0.9 | G × B: F = 0.2, P = 0.9 | G × B: F = 0.3, P = 0.9 | |||||||
| Experiment 2 | |||||||||
| Pre1 | 345 ± 68 | 339 ± 40 | 342 ± 38 | 300 ± 22 | 281 ± 39 | 291 ± 46 | 63 ± 3 | 62 ± 6 | 63 ± 5 |
| Pre2 | 334 ± 34 | 329 ± 18 | 344 ± 34 | 286 ± 38 | 334 ± 18 | 284 ± 36 | 62 ± 4 | 61 ± 3 | 60 ± 4 |
| Adapt1 | 334 ± 59 | 329 ± 30 | 330 ± 48 | 299 ± 25 | 284 ± 40 | 287 ± 39 | 61 ± 5 | 62 ± 3 | 62 ± 4 |
| Post1 | 361 ± 37 | 359 ± 52 | 368 ± 28 | 295 ± 21 | 323 ± 32 | 317 ± 26 | 63 ± 3 | 65 ± 5 | 62 ± 5 |
| Post2 | 353 ± 20 | 360 ± 22 | 366 ± 25 | 313 ± 33 | 298 ± 27 | 301 ± 43 | 64 ± 4 | 62 ± 4 | 63 ± 4 |
| Post3 | 325 ± 25 | 333 ± 20 | 334 ± 19 | 329 ± 26 | 314 ± 34 | 320 ± 24 | 65 ± 5 | 64 ± 4 | 65 ± 4 |
| ANOVA | G: F = 0.2, P = 0.8 | G: F = 0.2, P = 0.8 | G: F = 0.1, P = 0.9 | ||||||
| B: F = 0.9, P = 0.3 | B: F = 0.2, P = 0.9 | B: F = 0.8, P = 0.4 | |||||||
| G × B: F = 0.8, P = 0.6 | G × B: F = 0.9, P = 0.6 | G × B: F = 0.2, P = 0.9 | |||||||
Note: Movement duration (ms), reaction time (ms), and maximum velocity (cm/s) were assessed for the SHAM, CB, and M1 groups in each block. Values depict the mean ± standard error of the mean determined for each subject by averaging over consecutive epochs. For each kinematic parameter, a repeated-measures ANOVA compared GROUP (G; SHAM, CB, M1) and BLOCK (B).