. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2011 Jul 18.

Published in final edited form as: Cancer Biol Ther. 2010 Jan 9;9(1):1–7. doi: 10.4161/cbt.9.1.10905

Table 2.

Endothelial cell molecular targets and targeting evaluated in HNSCC

Molecular target	Inhibitor	Mechanism of action	Stage of clinical development	Citation
Vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGFR)	Sunitinib (Sutent, SU11248)	Small Molecule Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor	Phase II for recurrent or metastatic	Choong et al. Invest New Drugs 2009⁷⁰
	Sorafenib (Nexavar NSC-724772)	Small Molecule Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor	Phase II for recurrent or metastatic	Williamson et al. J Clin Oncol 2007⁷¹
	Cediranib (Recentin, AZD2171)	Small Molecule Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor	Ongoing Phase II as monotherapy for recurrent or metastatic	Saura et al. J Clin Oncol 2009⁷²
Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)	Bevacizumab (Avastin)	Humanized Monoclonal Antibody	Phase I with chemoradiation and 5-FU for stage IV and intermediate	Seiwert et al. J Clin Oncol 2008⁷³
VEGF/R and EGFR	Bevacizumab (Avastin) Erlotinib (Terceva, OSI-774)	Monoclonal Antibody Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor	Phase I/II combined with chemotherapy for recurrent or metastatic	Cohen et al. Lancet Oncol 2009⁷⁴
	Zactima (Vandetanib,ZD6474)	Small Molecule Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor	Phase I with chemoradiation for unresected stage III/IV	Papadimitrakopoulou et al. J Clin Oncol 2009⁷⁵