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. 2011 Jun 8;141(8):1469–1474. doi: 10.3945/jn.111.140921

TABLE 2.

Changes in daily energy and macronutrient intakes, glycemic index (GI), glycemic load (GL), hemoglobin HbA1c, body weight, and physical activity among the 3 tertiles of change in GI among vegan and American Diabetes Association (ADA) diet group participants

Change in outcomes from baseline to 22 wk1 Tertiles of change in GI
Tertile 1, n = 402 Tertile 2, n = 272 Tertile 3, n = 322 P3
Energy,4kcal −213 ± 485 −425 ± 381 −458 ± 449 0.046
Carbohydrate, g 2.7 ± 81.6 −12.2 ± 78.2 7.9 ± 75.3 0.60
Carbohydrate, % 7.1 ± 15.2 10.7 ± 15.4 17.4 ± 15.9a 0.02
Protein, g −13.1 ± 23.2 −19.5 ± 19.6 −21.8 ± 30.2 0.31
Protein, % −1.1 ± 2.9 −0.2 ± 5.0 −0.3 ± 6.2 0.69
Total fat, g −17.2 ± 29.5 −30.5 ± 32.1 −41.9 ± 31.1a 0.01
Total fat, % −4.9 ± 12.5 −8.7 ± 12.8 −15.0 ± 12.0a 0.01
Saturated fat, g 8.3 ± 8.2 10.6 ± 6.6 8.0 ± 6.1 0.33
Alcohol, g −0.7 ± 3.7 −1.9 ± 7.2 −0.1 ± 5.1 0.42
Total fiber, g 3.5 ± 12.4 8.2 ± 11.5 13.2 ± 13.9a 0.01
Soluble fiber, g 0.9 ± 3.1 2.1 ± 3.0 2.8 ± 3.7a 0.046
Insoluble fiber, g 2.6 ± 9.4 6.3 ± 8.9 10.3 ± 10.6a 0.01
GI 4.0 ± 4.9 −3.3 ± 2.0 −13.2 ± 5.3a <0.001
GL 4.5 ± 60.8 −24.1 ± 55.8 −29.1 ± 55.2a 0.03
bA1c, % −0.5 ± 1.3 −0.8 ± 0.8 −1.0 ± 1.2 0.22
Weight, kg −3.7 ± 3.8 −4.8 ± 4.4 −7.0 ± 4.7a 0.01
Pedometer readings,2steps/d 5547 ± 2724 2339 ± 3332 6962 ± 4394 0.15
1

Data are means ± SD. aDifferent from tertile 1, < 0.05.

2

The 22 wk data included all individuals with data at baseline, = 49 (vegan group) and 50 (ADA group), with the exception of pedometer data [3 missing at baseline from ADA group, so n = 37 (tertile 1), 27 (tertile 2), and 32 (tertile 3)].

3

Listed -values are for ANOVA of comparisons among the three tertiles of change in GI (baseline to 22 wk).

4

Dietary data were reported from 3-d food records. 1 kcal = 4.184 kJ.