TABLE 1.
Age-adjusted measures of vitamin K status and potential correlates according to ucMGP concentration quartile at baseline in older adults1
| Plasma ucMGP,23 pmol/L | Quartile 1 237 (52–330) | Quartile 2 403 (335–462) | Quartile 3 524 (464–599) | Quartile 4 826 (604–2994) | P-trend4 |
| n | 105 | 111 | 105 | 117 | <0.001 |
| Age, y | 66 ± 0.5a | 68 ± 0.5b | 69 ± 0.5b | 70 ± 0.5c | 0.21 |
| Female,5n (%) | 58 (55) | 62 (56) | 62 (58) | 76 (65) | <0.001 |
| Total MGP,3μg/L | 184 ± 4a | 194 ± 4a,b | 201 ± 4b | 221 ± 4c | <0.001 |
| BMI, kg/m2 | 26.0 ± 0.5a | 27.4 ± 0.5b | 28.8 ± 0.5c | 29.3 ± 0.5c | 0.004 |
| Systolic BP, mm Hg | 126.2 ± 1.6a | 134.1 ± 1.6b | 133.0 ± 1.6b | 133.4 ± 1.5b | 0.18 |
| Diastolic BP, mm Hg | 73.6 ± 0.9 | 76.8 ± 0.9 | 75.5 ± 0.9 | 75.8 ± 0.8 | 0.35 |
| HDL cholesterol,3mmol/L | 1.5 ± 0.02 | 1.5 ± 0.02 | 1.5 ± 0.02 | 1.5 ± 0.02 | 0.26 |
| Total cholesterol,3mmol/L | 5.2 ± 0.1 | 5.2 ± 0.1 | 5.4 ± 0.1 | 5.3 ± 1.0 | <0.001 |
| TG,3mmol/L | 1.1 ± 0.1a | 1.3 ± 0.1a,b | 1.4 ± 0.1b | 1.5 ± 0.1b | <0.001 |
| CRP,36mg/L | 2.2 ± 0.5a | 3.4 ± 0.5a,b | 3.2 ± 0.5b | 4.2 ± 0.5c | 0.008 |
| IL-6,36ng/L | 1.5 ± 0.2a | 2.0 ± 0.2b | 1.8 ± 0.2b | 1.8 ± 0.2b | 0.94 |
| Framingham 10 y risk score6 | 12 ± 1 | 12 ± 1 | 12 ± 1 | 12 ± 1 | 0.28 |
| Diabetes,5n (%) | 6 (6) | 7 (6) | 3 (3) | 11 (9) | 0.81 |
| Current smoker,5 n (%) | 8 (8) | 6 (5) | 4 (4) | 6 (5) | 0.15 |
| Statin use,5n (%) | 17 (16) | 31 (28) | 28 (27) | 33 (28) | |
| CAC | 0.35 | ||||
| AS6 | 149 ± 50 | 263 ± 48 | 243 ± 49 | 235 ± 47 | 0.55 |
| Prevalent CAC4 (AS > 0), n (%) | 61 (58) | 76 (70) | 73 (72) | 83 (71) | 0.55 |
| Vitamin K status | |||||
| %ucOC7 | 34 ± 2a | 39 ± 2b | 44 ± 2c | 45 ± 2c | <0.001 |
| Phylloquinone,36nmol/L | 3.8 ± 0.4c | 2.4 ± 0.4b | 2.4 ± 0.4b | 2.0 ± 0.2a | <0.001 |
| PIVKA-II,36μg/L | 2.2 ± 0.1a | 2.4 ± 0.1b | 2.7 ± 0.1c | 2.5 ± 0.1b,c | 0.01 |
| Vitamin K intake, μg/d | 191 ± 11b | 192 ± 10b | 163 ± 11a,b | 159 ± 10a | 0.01 |
1
Least-square (LS) mean ± SEM, unless otherwise indicated. Except for analysis of age, LS means are adjusted for age. Values in a row without a common letter differ, < 0.05.
2
Values are mean (range).
3
Measured in plasma.
4
-trend based on ANCOVA followed by a contrast statement, unless indicated otherwise.
5
Based on logistic regression.
6
Outcome was ln-transformed for formal analysis; however, LS means ± SEM are shown in original scale.
7
Measured in serum.