Responding for a CR (Paired vs Unpaired CS and Sucrose Experiment). All adult rats and adolescent rats that did not have the CS and sucrose delivery paired during Pavlovian conditioning had significantly greater responding on the CR than the NCR lever, and amphetamine did not increase responding (a, b). Adolescent rats that had the CS and sucrose delivery paired during Pavlovian conditioning responded more on the CR compared with the NCR lever at baseline and in response to amphetamine (c, d: ** p<0.01: CR vs NCR responding). Amphetamine (0.5 mg/kg) increased responding on the CR lever compared with baseline (+p<0.05). The values are the means±SEM. CR, lever delivering light and tone; NCR, lever with no programmed consequence. Paired adolescents, n=12; unpaired adolescents, n=12; paired adults, n=6; unpaired adults, n=6.