Table 2.
Personal History of Infections and Risk of AML
| Category or Condition | Participants |
Latency More Than 3 Years Before AML Diagnosis |
||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| No. of AML Occurrences (n = 9,468) | No. of Controls (n = 37,384) | OR | CI | No. of AML Occurrences | No. of Controls | OR | CI | |
| Any infection | 749 | 2,309 | 1.3 | 1.2 to 1.4 | 565 | 1,846 | 1.2 | 1.1 to 1.3 |
| Pneumonia | 251 | 768 | 1.3 | 1.1 to 1.5 | 185 | 560 | 1.3 | 1.1 to 1.5 |
| Tuberculosis | 59 | 132 | 1.8 | 1.2 to 2.4 | 41 | 111 | 1.5 | 1.0 to 2.1 |
| Influenza | 29 | 90 | 1.3 | 0.8 to 1.9 | 24 | 74 | 1.3 | 0.8 to 2.0 |
| Intestinal infection | 120 | 384 | 1.2 | 1.0 to 1.5 | 88 | 308 | 1.1 | 0.9 to 1.4 |
| Septicemia | 45 | 114 | 1.6 | 1.1 to 2.2 | 17 | 82 | 0.8 | 0.5 to 1.4 |
| Herpes simplex | 7 | 18 | 1.5 | 0.6 to 3.7 | 5 | 16 | 1.2 | 0.5 to 3.4 |
| Herpes zoster | 24 | 85 | 1.1 | 0.7 to 1.7 | 20 | 63 | 1.2 | 0.8 to 2.1 |
| Hepatitis C | 7 | 7 | 4.0 | 1.4 to 11.4 | 7 | 7 | 4.0 | 1.4 to 11.4 |
| Infectious mononucleosis | 3 | 12 | 1.0 | 0.3 to 3.5 | 2 | 11 | 0.7 | 0.2 to 3.3 |
| Pyelonephritis | 66 | 163 | 1.6 | 1.2 to 2.1 | 48 | 131 | 1.4 | 1.0 to 2.0 |
| Cystitis | 78 | 291 | 1.1 | 0.8 to 1.4 | 54 | 203 | 1.0 | 0.8 to 1.4 |
| Gonorrhea | 4 | 20 | 0.8 | 0.3 to 2.3 | 3 | 20 | 0.6 | 0.2 to 2.0 |
| Syphilis | 4 | 15 | 1.1 | 0.4 to 3.2 | 3 | 12 | 1.0 | 0.3 to 3.5 |
| Sinusitis | 33 | 68 | 1.9 | 1.3 to 2.9 | 26 | 58 | 1.8 | 1.1 to 2.8 |
| Otitis media | 42 | 173 | 1.0 | 0.7 to 1.4 | 30 | 151 | 0.8 | 0.5 to 1.2 |
| Nasopharyngitis | 38 | 98 | 1.5 | 1.1 to 2.2 | 31 | 87 | 1.4 | 0.9 to 2.1 |
| Upper respiratory tract infection | 116 | 352 | 1.3 | 1.1 to 1.6 | 90 | 308 | 1.2 | 0.9 to 1.5 |
| Encephalitis | 3 | 19 | 0.6 | 0.2 to 2.1 | 3 | 14 | 0.9 | 0.3 to 3.0 |
| Meningitis | 13 | 26 | 2.0 | 1.0 to 3.9 | 9 | 22 | 1.6 | 0.8 to 3.5 |
| Lyme disease | 4 | 48 | 0.3 | 0.1 to 0.9 | 4 | 48 | 0.3 | 0.1 to 0.9 |
| Myocarditis | 5 | 25 | 0.8 | 0.3 to 2.1 | 5 | 22 | 0.9 | 0.3 to 2.4 |
| Osteomyelitis | 13 | 43 | 1.2 | 0.6 to 2.2 | 10 | 36 | 1.1 | 0.5 to 2.2 |
| Cytomegalovirus | 7 | 5 | 5.6 | 1.8 to 17.5 | 6 | 3 | 7.9 | 2.0 to 31.6 |
| Tonsillitis | 23 | 74 | 1.2 | 0.8 to 2.0 | 17 | 61 | 1.1 | 0.6 to 1.9 |
| Cellulitis | 99 | 249 | 1.6 | 1.2 to 2.0 | 62 | 197 | 1.2 | 0.9 to 1.7 |
| Empyema | 3 | 9 | 1.3 | 0.4 to 4.9 | 2 | 8 | 1.0 | 0.2 to 4.6 |
NOTE. ORs were adjusted for categoric year of birth, date of diagnosis, sex, and county. Overall categories total to less than the sum of the individual categories because some individuals have more than one autoimmune disease.
Abbreviations: AML, acute myeloid leukemia; OR, odds ratio.