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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2012 Aug 1.
Published in final edited form as: Pain. 2011 Apr 30;152(8):1803–1810. doi: 10.1016/j.pain.2011.03.028

Figure 2.

Figure 2

Gray matter volume increase in the hypothalamus following one month of daily morphine exposure. (a) Sagittal view (x = +1) of volume increase in the caudal aspect of the hypothalamus (average volume increase = 3.1%). Image is thresholded at voxel-level FDR of p < 0.01 and cluster-level FDR p < 0.05. (b) Same hypothalamus cluster presented in coronal plane and (c) in sagittal plane. (d) Bar graph showing percent volumetric change from baseline in the hypothalamus for the placebo group (left bar) and morphine group (right bars). Dark gray bars indicate the post-medication period, and light gray indicates the followup period. Error bars represent 95% confidence intervals. Hypothalamus volume is significantly increased after morphine exposure, and the increased volume is maintained 4.7 months later at the followup period. The placebo group shows no significant change in hypothalamus volume. (e) Post-hoc scatterplot showing relationship between total morphine consumed (x axis) and percent change of hypothalamic volume (y axis) in the morphine group.