. 2011 Mar 3;26(8):907–919. doi: 10.1007/s11606-011-1657-1

Table 2.

Studies assessing educational outcomes

Study	Quality scores	Study design	Resident participants	Measure	Pre-2003	Post-2003
Obstetrics and gynecology
Blanchard 2004³⁴	13.8	Single site pre-post	10 Ob/gyn	Many procedures decreased for PGY4s^a	‡	‡
Bailit 2005³⁵	13.8	Single site cross-sectional survey	28 Ob/gyn residents and graduates	No change in CREOG examination scores	‡	‡
Short 2006⁵⁵	12.6	Single site pre-post	35 Ob/Gyn	Overall cases: no change	‡	‡
Surgery
Goldstein 2004³⁸	11.5	Single site pre-post	General surgery ^†	PGY5 operative: unchanged	‡	‡
Welling 2004³⁹	12.67	Prospective cohort	General surgery†	Chief cases/month	‡	‡
				Night float residents: 7.25
				Residents not on night float: 34.75
Bland 2005⁴⁰	14.67	Multi-site pre-post	General surgery†	Total major procedures	938	932
Feanny 2005⁴²	13.33	Single site pre-post	13 General surgery	Total emergency abdominal surgeries as primary surgeon	101 (13)	110 (33)
Ferguson 2005⁴³	13.33	Single site pre-post	General surgery †	PGY5 operative experience	339	390
				PGY5 operative experience	231	246
				Overall	231	246
McElearney 2005⁴⁵	13.33	Single site pre-post	General surgery †	PGY5 cases/month	30.6 (8.5)	26.1 (9.6)
McElearney 2005⁴⁵	13.33	Single site pre-post	General surgery †	Overall cases/month	23.9 (16.3)	24.6 (16.1)
Mendoza 2005⁴⁶	13	Multi-site survey/non-randomized	General surgery †	Chief resident operative volume at universities	‡	‡
				With rules: 250.5 (13.6)
				Without: 262.6 (16.1)
Spencer 2005⁴⁸	9	Pre-post single	91 Pediatric surgery	Senior residents (cases/day)	1.58 (0.42)	1.84 (0.87)
Vetto 2005⁴⁹	9	Single site pre-post	40 General surgery	ABSITE scores increased by 7% post-2003	‡	‡
Zare 2005⁵⁰	12	Multi-site pre-post	238 General surgery	ABSITE scores	70 (10.3)	69.8 (10.2)
de Virgilio 2006⁵²	14.67	Single site pre-post	General surgery †	Operative experience: no change	‡	‡
de Virgilio 2006⁵²	14.67	Single site pre-post	General surgery †	ABSITE score: no change	‡	‡
Hutter 2006⁵⁴	15	Single site pre-post	58 General surgery	Operative experience	231	246
Hutter 2006⁵⁴	15	Single site pre-post	58 General surgery	ABSITE scores: no change	231	246
Carlin 2007⁵⁶	13.8	Pre-post single site	126 General surgery resident-years	Operative cases/resident/year	278 (100)	211 (150)^a
Damadi 2007⁵⁷	12	Single site pre-post	17 General surgery	PGY 5 Operative experience	255 (19)	189 (11)^a
Izu 2007⁵⁸	9.5	Single site pre-post	2 General surgery	Surgeries covered by a resident	47 (35%)	49 (45%)
Pappas 2007⁵⁹	13.8	Single site pre-post	79 Orthopedic resident-years	Operative experience	455	467
Schneider 2007⁶¹	12.5	Single site pre-post	66 General surgery	Overall operative experience	1,112	1,277
Schneider 2007⁶¹	12.5	Single site pre-post	66 General surgery	ABSITE scores PGY5	78.8 (3.7)	78 (3.1)
Weatherby 2007⁶²	12.6	Single site pre-post	8 Orthopedic	Operative experience:	954	759
Baskies 2008⁶³	13.33	Pre-post single site	109 Orthopedic surgery	Operative experience	363 (145)	410 (164)^a
Durkin 2008⁶⁴	13.33	Single site pre-post study	General surgery †	Operative experience	1,052	1,011
Durkin 2008⁶⁴	13.33	Single site pre-post study	General surgery †	ABSITE scores (pre-post): +3.6% correct	1,052	1,011
Kairys 2008⁶⁵	14.67	National pre-post	General surgery †	Total cases as chief or juniorurgeon	930	909^a
Shin 2008⁶⁶	12.6	Single site retrospective pre-post	General surgery †	% Cases covered by PGY 4–5	94%	92%
Shin 2008⁶⁶	12.6	Single site retrospective pre-post	General surgery †	% Cases covered overall	79%	80%
Christmas 2009⁶⁸	13.33	Single site pre-post	22 General surgery	Total chief resident cases	494 (116)	333 (116)^a
Froelich 2009⁶⁹	13.33	Single site retrospective pre-post	97 Orthopedic surgery resident-years	PGY5 operative experience	424	457
Froelich 2009⁶⁹	13.33	Single site retrospective pre-post	97 Orthopedic surgery resident-years	PGY5 ITE scores	196	197
Jagannathan 2009⁷⁰	12.5	Multi-site pre-post	Neurosurgery†	American Board of Neurosurgery Examination (PGY 2–3)	310 (55)	259 (48)^a
Privette 2009⁷¹	14.67	Single site retrospective cohort	48 general surgery	Operative experience	985	887
Sarff 2009⁷²	8	Single site pre-post study	36 General surgery	Operative experience (as surgeon or teaching assistant)	984	1,057
Shonka 2009⁷³	13.8	Single site retrospective cohort study	Approximately 30 otolaryngology	Total cases as surgeon	1,515	1,533
Shonka 2009⁷³	13.8	Single site retrospective cohort study	Approximately 30 otolaryngology	In-training examination scores	6.55	6.53
Sneider 2009⁷⁴	12.5	Multi-site cross-sectional survey	General surgery programs†	ABSITE PGY5	73.4 (4.4)	71.3 (3.2)
Sneider 2009⁷⁴	12.5	Multi-site cross-sectional survey	General surgery programs†	American Board of Surgery pass rate	80.5% (18.7)	91% (8.3)

Participants are residents, unless otherwise specified. Outcome measures include standardized examination scores and/or pass rates and operative experience reported as number of cases, unless otherwise specified. For operative experience, we report numbers for overall and final (chief) year of residency

PGY = post-graduate year

^aStatistically significant at the p < 0.05 level or less

†Number not provided

‡See Measures column