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. 2011 Mar 3;26(8):907–919. doi: 10.1007/s11606-011-1657-1

Table 3.

Studies assessing burnout in residents before and after 2003

Study	Quality scores	Study design	Participants	Measure	% Reporting burnout and/or burnout scores^†
Study	Quality scores	Study design	Participants	Measure	Pre-2003	Post-2003
Surgery
Gelfand 2004³⁷	12.5	Single site pre-post	33 Residents and faculty	% Residents meeting criteria for burnout on emotional exhaustion scale	50%	47%
Barrack 2006⁵¹	11.5	Single site pre-post	55 Orthopedic surgery residents	Emotional exhaustion score	27.5	22.3
Hutter 2006⁵⁴	15	Single site pre-post	58 General surgery residents	Emotional exhaustion score	29.1	23.1^a
Internal medicine
Goitein, 2005²¹	13	Single site pre-post	118 Residents	% Residents meeting any criteria	68%	76%
Goitein, 2005²¹	13	Single site pre-post	118 Residents	Emotional exhaustion	45%	53%
Gopal 2005²²	12.5	Single site pre-post	227 Residents	% Residents any meeting criteria	61%	55%
Gopal 2005²²	12.5	Single site pre-post	227 Residents	Emotional exhaustion	42%	29%^a
Pediatrics
Landrigan 2008³⁶	16	Multi-site pre-post	268 Pediatrics residents	% Residents meeting criteria for burnout	75.4%	57%^a
Mixed
Martini 2006³⁰	12.5	Single site pre-post	118 Residents	% Residents meeting criteria for burnout	49%	41%

^aStatistically significant at the p < 0.05 level

†Lower scores indicate less burnout