Table 1.
Method of administration | Species | Amount* | Length of study | Effect | Reference |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Drinking | Mouse | 10% | 3 weeks | -Hypertension, hyperinsulinemia | [13] |
Rat | 10% | 8 weeks | -Hypertension, hypertriglyceridemia | [11] | |
5 weeks | -Hypertension, insulin resistance | [14] | |||
6–19 days | -Hypertriglyceridemia | [15] | |||
20% | 8 weeks 30 days |
-Hypertension, hyperglycemia, hyperinsulinemia | [16] | ||
-Impaired glucose tolerance, dyslipidemia | [17] | ||||
60% | 2 weeks | Hyperglycemia | [18] | ||
Hamster | 10%, 20% | 2, 4 and 6 months | Hyperglycemia, hyperinsulinemia | [19] | |
guinea pigs | 10% | 6–19 days | Hypertriglyceridemia | [15] | |
10% | 18 weeks | Hyperglycemia | [20] | ||
Food | Mouse | 60% | 8 weeks | -Hypertension, impaired glucose tolerance, dyslipidemia | [21] |
Rat | 60% | 8 weeks | -Hypertension, hypertriglyceridemia | [11] | |
6 weeks | -Hyperinsulinemia, hypertriglyceridemia | [22] | |||
66% | 4 weeks | -Hyperinsulinemia | [23] | ||
2 weeks | -Hypertension, hyperinsulinemia, hypertriglyceridemia | [24] | |||
4 weeks | -Hyperglycemia | [18] | |||
Hamster | 60% | 2 weeks | -Hyperinsulinemia, hypertriglyceridemia | [25] | |
Dog | 60% | 20–28 days | -Hypertension, insulin resistance, hyperinsulinemia, hypertriglyceridemia | [26] | |
Human | 15% | 5 weeks | -Hyperinsulinemia, hyperglycemia | [27] | |
20% | 5 weeks | -Hypertriglyceridemia | [28] |
*Percentageis (weight/volume) for drinking form and (weight/weight) for food form.