Table 3.
Amount fed | Length of study | Effect | Reference |
---|---|---|---|
60% fructose in diet | 4 weeks | ↔ Urine volume, ↔ sodium excretion, ↔ creatinin clearance | [76] |
4 weeks | ↔ Urine volume, ↓ sodium excretion, ↔ RBF, ↔ CBF, ↓ MBF | [81] | |
6 month | ↔ Serum creatinine, ↔ BUN | [47] | |
8 weeks | Kidney hypertrophy, glomerular hypertension, cortical vasoconstriction, arteriolopathy | [11] | |
12 months | Glomerular sclerosis, albuminurea, ↑ kidney weight | [199] | |
60 days | ↑ Plasma and urine urea level, ↑ plasma and urine uric acid, ↑ plasma and urine creatinine, ↑ plasma and urine albumin and total protein, fatty infiltration, thickening of glomeruli |
[200] | |
30 days | ↑ Plasma sodium, ↓ sodium excretion, ↑ urine volume | [191] | |
8 weeks | ↔ GFR; ↔ afferent arteriole resistance; ↔ efferent arteriole resistance glomerular hypertension, cortical vasoconstriction, arteriolopathy | [67] | |
6 weeks | Kidney hypertrophy, tubular proliferation, and focal injury | [201] | |
66% fructose in diet | 6 weeks | ↔ Urine volume, ↔ sodium excretion | [192] |
8 weeks | ↔ Kidney weight, ↔ RBF, ↔ urine volume, ↔ sodium excretion | [156] | |
65% fructose in diet | 4 weeks | ↑ Kidney weight, swollen proximal tubular cells | [202] |
57% fructose in diet | 10 weeks | ↔ Plasma creatinine, ↑ kidney weight | [36] |
10% fructose in drinking water | 8 weeks | Kidney hypertrophy, glomerular hypertension, cortical vasoconstriction, and arteriolopathy | [11] |
20% fructose in diet | 9 weeks | ↑ Kidney weight | [203] |
25% fructose in diet | 2 weeks | ↑ Creatinine clearance, hyperfiltration, mesangial cells proliferation | [204] |
20% fructose in drinking water | 8 weeks | ↔ Kidney weight, ↔ CBF, ↔ RAP | [16] |
RBF: Renal Blood Flow, CBF: Cortical Blood Flow, MBF: Medullary Blood Flow, BUN: Blood Urea Nitrogen, GFR: Glomerular Filtration Rate, RAP: Renal Arterial Pressure. ↑, ↓ and ↔ indicate increase, decrease, and no effect, respectively.