Table 5. Twelve-month comorbidity (odds-ratios) of DSM-IV/CIDI MDE with chronic physical disorders by age1.
| Age Groups | Age Difference3 | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| All Ages | 18-34 | 35-49 | 50-64 | 65+ | % | OR | ||||||
| %2(se) | OR2(CI) | %2(se) | OR2(CI) | %2(se) | OR2(CI) | %2(se) | OR2(CI) | %2(se) | OR2(CI) | χ23 | ||
| I. Developed | ||||||||||||
| Cardiovascular4 | 19.5 (1.0) | 1.0(0.9-1.2) | 5.8 (1.0) | 2.2*(1.5-3.3) | 14.1 (1.5) | 1.4*(1.1-1.8) | 39.4 (2.5) | 1.5*(1.2-1.9) | 58.0 (3.5) | 1.4*(1.0-1.9) | 177.9* | 4.4 |
| Musculoskeletal4 | 41.2 (1.2) | 1.7*(1.6-1.9) | 25.1 (1.7) | 2.0*(1.6-2.4) | 44.3 (2.0) | 2.2*(1.8-2.6) | 57.0 (2.4) | 2.0*(1.7-2.5) | 68.7 (3.2) | 2.3*(1.6-3.1) | 117.6* | 1.4 |
| Respiratory4 | 33.4 (1.2) | 1.5*(1.4-1.7) | 33.7 (1.8) | 1.4*(1.1-1.6) | 35.3 (1.9) | 1.6*(1.3-1.9) | 33.1 (2.4) | 1.7*(1.4-2.2) | 25.2 (3.1) | 1.4(1.0-2.0) | 1.9 | 2.3 |
| Pain conditions4 | 13.2 (0.7) | 2.3*(2.0-2.7) | 8.8 (1.0) | 2.2*(1.6-2.8) | 12.9 (1.2) | 2.4*(1.9-3.1) | 19.8 (2.1) | 2.9*(2.2-3.9) | 19.8 (2.8) | 2.3*(1.5-3.4) | 21.2* | 1.4 |
| Cancer | 4.0 (0.4) | 0.9(0.7-1.1) | 1.4 (0.3) | 1.9*(1.0-3.4) | 4.1 (0.8) | 1.6*(1.0-2.5) | 6.4 (1.2) | 1.1(0.7-1.7) | 9.9 (2.2) | 1.1(0.6-1.8) | 23.9* | 7.4 |
| Diabetes | 5.2 (0.6) | 1.0(0.8-1.3) | 0.9 (0.3) | 1.0(0.6-1.8) | 3.9 (0.8) | 1.5(0.9-2.3) | 10.8 (1.6) | 1.3(0.9-1.8) | 17.3 (3.1) | 1.4(0.9-2.1) | 45.4* | 1.1 |
| Ulcers | 4.2 (0.5) | 2.2*(1.7-2.8) | 2.6 (0.6) | 2.4*(1.3-4.3) | 5.2 (0.8) | 2.5*(1.7-3.7) | 5.5 (1.1) | 2.1*(1.4-3.4) | 5.7 (1.5) | 1.6(0.8-2.9) | 4.1 | 0.8 |
| Number of disorders | ||||||||||||
| Any | 71.5 (1.1) | 1.9*(1.7-2.1) | 61.2 (1.9) | 2.0*(1.7-2.4) | 73.8 (1.8) | 2.4*(1.9-2.9) | 81.7 (2.1) | 2.1*(1.6-2.8) | 87.9 (2.2) | 2.0*(1.2-3.1) | 55.7* | 2.4 |
| One5 | 24.0 (1.0) | 1.4*(1.2-1.6) | 26.2 (1.7) | 1.5*(1.2-1.8) | 27.8 (1.8) | 1.8*(1.4-2.3) | 18.8 (2.0) | 1.3(0.9-1.8) | 11.3 (2.1) | 0.8(0.5-1.5) | 10.6* | 9.5* |
| Two5 | 19.6 (0.9) | 1.9*(1.6-2.2) | 19.6 (1.5) | 2.2*(1.8-2.8) | 19.3 (1.6) | 2.2*(1.7-2.9) | 19.3 (2.0) | 1.8*(1.3-2.6) | 21.1 (3.0) | 1.8*(1.1-3.1) | 21.6* | 3.8 |
| Three or more5 | 28.0 (1.1) | 2.7*(2.4-3.2) | 15.5 (1.3) | 3.6*(2.8-4.8) | 26.7 (1.9) | 3.9*(3.1-5.1) | 43.6 (2.5) | 3.6*(2.6-4.9) | 55.6 (3.6) | 3.0*(1.9-4.9) | 107.8* | 3.4 |
| (n) | (2948) | (1070) | (982) | (620) | (276) | |||||||
| II. Developing | ||||||||||||
| Cardiovascular4 | 22.4 (1.0) | 1.4*(1.2-1.6) | 8.5 (0.9) | 1.8*(1.3-2.5) | 23.8 (2.4) | 1.4*(1.1-1.9) | 50.0 (3.1) | 1.5*(1.1-2.0) | 66.5 (3.7) | 1.8*(1.2-2.7) | 93.7* | 1.3 |
| Musculoskeletal4 | 43.2 (1.7) | 2.2*(1.9-2.6) | 33.3 (2.6) | 2.7*(2.1-3.5) | 46.8 (2.8) | 2.2*(1.8-2.8) | 57.2 (3.0) | 1.5*(1.1-2.1) | 75.8 (3.5) | 2.3*(1.5-3.6) | 24.0* | 8.4* |
| Respiratory4 | 21.6 (1.4) | 1.7*(1.4-2.1) | 20.2 (2.7) | 1.7*(1.2-2.6) | 22.6 (2.4) | 1.7*(1.2-2.2) | 22.9 (3.2) | 1.6*(1.0-2.3) | 25.7 (4.8) | 1.8*(1.1-2.9) | 1.8 | 0.5 |
| Pain conditions | 19.5 (1.3) | 2.4*(2.0-2.9) | 15.1 (1.6) | 2.7*(2.1-3.6) | 21.3 (2.1) | 2.4*(1.8-3.2) | 25.9 (2.6) | 2.1*(1.5-2.9) | 32.4 (5.2) | 2.2*(1.3-3.8) | 0.9 | 1.5 |
| Cancer | 0.8 (0.2) | 1.0(0.5-1.8) | 0.5 (0.4) | -(-,-)5 | 0.5 (0.3) | 0.9(0.3-2.9) | 1.6 (0.6) | 0.9(0.4-2.2) | 2.7 (1.0) | 1.2(0.6-2.8) | 9.4* | 8.9* |
| Diabetes | 5.0 (0.6) | 1.3(1.0-1.7) | 0.9 (0.3) | 1.2(0.6-2.5) | 5.9 (1.3) | 1.6(0.9-2.7) | 13.4 (2.2) | 1.4(1.0-2.1) | 14.8 (4.4) | 1.5(0.7-2.9) | 37.2* | 2.2 |
| Ulcers | 9.0 (0.8) | 2.4*(1.9-3.0) | 4.9 (0.9) | 2.0*(1.3-3.0) | 14.0 (2.1) | 3.3*(2.2-4.8) | 12.2 (2.4) | 2.3*(1.4-3.7) | 12.0 (2.5) | 1.8(1.0-3.4) | 12.4* | 5.0 |
| Number of disorders | ||||||||||||
| Any | 72.0 (1.3) | 2.6*(2.2-3.0) | 63.6 (2.3) | 3.0*(2.3-3.8) | 76.7 (2.3) | 2.5*(1.9-3.2) | 84.7 (2.2) | 2.0*(1.4-2.9) | 89.2 (2.7) | 1.5(0.8-2.8) | 20.6* | 4.4 |
| One5 | 22.1 (1.5) | 1.7*(1.4-2.0) | 26.6 (2.4) | 2.1*(1.5-2.7) | 20.9 (2.3) | 1.5*(1.0-2.0) | 15.0 (2.2) | 1.2(0.8-1.9) | 8.0 (2.4) | 0.6(0.2-1.4) | 3.6 | 11.6* |
| Two5 | 19.6 (1.4) | 2.5*(2.0-3.0) | 19.0 (2.3) | 3.0*(2.2-4.1) | 22.7 (2.3) | 2.3*(1.6-3.3) | 18.8 (2.9) | 1.9*(1.1-3.3) | 10.5 (2.8) | 0.7(0.3-1.5) | 5.3 | 9.9* |
| Three or more5 | 30.3 (1.7) | 4.7*(3.8-5.8) | 18.1 (2.3) | 7.5*(5.3-10.8) | 33.1 (2.8) | 4.2*(3.0-6.0) | 50.9 (3.4) | 3.2*(2.0-5.0) | 70.7 (4.0) | 2.2*(1.1-4.4) | 31.7* | 8.2* |
| (n) | (2231) | (877) | (716) | (440) | (198) | |||||||
Significant at the .05 level, two-sided test
The results in this table are based on a series of multivariate logistic regression equations in which a dichotomous predictor for a single 12-month comorbid disorder was used to predict a dichotomous measure of 12-month MDE controlling for respondent sex, education and marital status.
Entries in the % columns represent the conditional prevalence estimate (and standard error of that estimate) of each comorbid disorder among respondents with 12-month MDE. Entries in the OR columns represent the odds-ratio (OR) and 95% Confidence Interval (95% CI) of the OR between MDE and the comorbid disorder estimated in the logistic regression equation.
The χ2 tests in the Age Differences columns test the statistical significance of age differences in conditional prevalence of the comorbid disorders among respondents with MDE (%) and of the ORs between MDE and the comorbid disorders (OR).
Cardiovascular conditions include heart attack, hypertension, other heart disease, stroke; musculoskeletal conditions include arthritis/rheumatism, chronic back/neck problems; respiratory conditions include seasonal allergies, asthma, other chronic lung disease such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disorder and tuberculosis; pain conditions include frequent/severe headaches, other chronic pain conditions
The ORs associated with number of comorbid disorders are based on a single equation in each age group to predict 12-month MDE from three dichotomies for one, two, and three or more comorbid disorders in comparison to the contrast category of no such disorders. As with the other equations, controls were included for sex, education and marital status.