Table 1.

Baseline Patient Characteristics by Beta-Blocker Intake

Characteristic	No Beta Blockers(n = 1,311)		Beta Blockers (n = 102)		P
	No.	%	No.	%
Age, years
Median	49.0		57.0
Mean	49.1		56.6		< .001*
< 50	694	52.9	28	27.5
≥ 50	617	47.1	74	72.5	< .001
Menopausal status
Pre	655	50.0	20	19.8
Post	654	50.0	81	80.2	< .001
Body mass index, kg/m2
Median	27		31.4
< 25	452	35.6	16	16.3
25-29	413	32.5	28	28.6
30+	406	31.9	54	55.1	< .001
Race
White/other	1,128	86.0	83	81.4
Black	183	14.0	19	18.6	.20
Clinical stage
I	54	4.1	3	2.9
II	706	54.1	60	58.8
III	546	41.8	39	38.2	.60
Nuclear grade
I	49	3.8	1	1.0
II	413	32.4	37	37.4
III	812	63.7	61	61.6	.25
LVI
Negative	861	68.0	74	76.3
Positive	405	32.0	23	23.7	.09
Hormone receptor status
Negative	470	35.9	35	34.3
Positive	841	64.1	67	65.7	.76
HER2 status
Negative	1,062	82.1	83	81.4
Positive	232	17.9	19	18.6	.86
Triple-negative tumor
No	946	73.1	73	71.6
Yes	348	26.9	29	28.4	.74
Diabetes
No	1,240	94.6	96	94.1
Yes	71	5.4	6	5.9	.87
Insulin use among diabetics
No	46	64.8	6	100.0
Yes	25	35.2	0	0.0	.17†
Hypertension
No	1,054	80.4	4	3.9
Yes	257	19.6	98	96.1	< .001
ACEIs/ARBs
No	1,211	92.4	62	60.8
Yes	100	7.6	40	39.2	< .001
Bisphosphonates
No	1,276	97.3	99	97.1
Yes	35	2.7	3	2.9	.87
Metformin use
No	1,281	97.7	98	96.1
Yes	30	2.3	4	3.9	.30

Abbreviations: LVI, lymphovascular invasion; HER2, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2; ACEI, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor; ARB, angiotensin receptor blocker.

^*Two samplet-test.

^†Fisher's exact test.