Table 3.
Relation of maximum T-wave alternans (TWA) to ambient and indoor pollution and to being in traffic.
PM2.5 effects scaled to 10 μg/m3; BC effects scaled to 1 μg/m3 *
| Exposure | Change in TWA (μV) | 95% confidence interval | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Models including ambient PM2.5 | |||
| Model 1 | 30-minutes mean ambient PM2.5 | 1.48% | (0.58-2.40) |
| In traffic, past 2 hours | 6.00% | (3.33-8.74) | |
| Model 2 | 30-minutes mean ambient PM2.5 | 1.58% | (0.67-2.49) |
| Model 3 | 2-hour mean ambient PM2.5 | 1.67% | (0.68-2.66) |
| In traffic, past 2 hours | 5.97% | (3.30-8.71) | |
| Model 4 | 2-hour mean ambient PM2.5 | 1.78% | (0.79-2.77) |
| Model 5 | 2-hour mean ambient PM2.5 –Not home | 2.97% | (1.08-4.91) |
| 2-hour mean ambient PM2.5 – Home | 1.49% | (0.30-2.70) | |
| 2-hour mean ambient PM2.5 – Home, part of time | 0.11% | (-2.05-2.32) | |
| Models including indoor PM2.5 at home | |||
| Model 6 | 30 – minutes mean indoor PM2.5 | 1.83% | (1.01-2.66) |
| Model 7 | 2- hour mean indoor PM2.5 | 1.47% | (0.57-2.37) |
| Models including ambient BC | |||
| Model 1 | 30-minutes mean ambient BC | 1.66% | (0.60-2.74) |
| In traffic, past 2 hours | 6.09% | (3.41-8.83) | |
| Model 2 | 30-minutes mean ambient BC | 1.73% | (0.67-2.80) |
| Model 3 | 2-hours mean ambient BC | 2.07% | (0.89-3.26) |
| In traffic, past 2 hours | 6.12% | (3.45-8.86) | |
| Model 4 | 2-hour mean ambient BC | 2.12% | (0.94-3.31) |
| Model 5 | 2-hour mean ambient BC –Not home | 5.19% | (3.14-7.29) |
| 2-hour mean ambient BC – Home | 0.30% | (-1.24-1.85) | |
| 2-hour mean ambient BC – Home, part of time | 1.34% | (-1.39-4.13) | |
| Models including indoor BC at home | |||
| Model 6 | 30–minutes mean indoor BC | 3.23% | (1.59-4.89) |
| Model 7 | 2- hour mean indoor BC | 3.47% | (1.66-5.32) |
*
All models control for subject, day of the week, being in traffic, heart rate, hour of the day, date, and mean temperature (See Methods).