Table I.
Baseline Characteristics of Cases and Control Patients
| Characteristic | All | Cases | Controls | P Value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Demographic and physiologic | ||||
| Age, y | 61 (54–68) | 61 (54–69) | 61 (53–68) | |
| Body mass index, kg/m2 | 25.0 (23.3–26.8) | 25.2 (23.6–27.1) | 24.7 (23.1–26.5) | <.001 |
| Physical activity, METs/wk | 26.9 (11.7–51.6) | 26.5 (11.4–49.5) | 27.7 (12.4–53.7) | .34 |
| Systolic blood pressure, mm Hg | 120 (120–130) | 130 (120–140) | 120 (120–130) | <.001 |
| Alcohol, g | 6.3 (0.9–17.0) | 6.4 (0.9–17.7) | 6.1 (0.9–16.1) | .26 |
| Current smoker, % | 5.5 | 6.5 | 4.5 | .09 |
| Past smoker, % | 43.3 | 45.3 | 41.3 | .12 |
| Family history of hypertension, % | 39.0 | 43.1 | 34.9 | .001 |
| Fasting biomarkers | ||||
| Insulin, IU/mL | 6.2 (4.2–9.4) | 6.6 (4.5–9.8) | 6.0 (4.0–8.9) | <.001 |
| Triglycerides, mg/dL | 118 (82–169) | 123 (85–176) | 113 (80–157) | .004 |
| MFFM | 7.6 (6.3–9.2) | 7.4 (6.2–8.8) | 7.8 (6.5–9.4) | <.001 |
| eGFR, mL/min/1.73 m2 | 80 (71–90) | 80 (71–90) | 80 (71–90) | .98 |
| Uric acid, mg/dL | 6.0 (5.2–6.8) | 6.0 (5.2–6.8) | 5.9 (5.2–6.8) | .52 |
| Cholesterol, mg/dL | 211 (186–236) | 212 (187–238) | 208 (186–235) | .15 |
Abbreviations: eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; METS, metabolic equivalents; MFFM, glucose disposal rate (M) corrected for fat‐free mass. Continuous variables are expressed as median (25th–75th percentile). Categoric variables are expressed as percent. Continuous variables were analyzed using the Wilcoxon rank sum test and categoric variables with the chi‐square test.