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(A) Design of a multilayer microfluidics which is integrated with a pneumatic valve to control sample injection and a membrane-based ESI emitter. (B) MS detection of repeated 1 μM leucine enkephalin sample injection. ESI potential: 2.5 kV; ESI buffer flow rate: 200 nL/min; valve actuation frequency: 0.07 Hz. (C) Detailed view of the MS detected leucine enkephalin peaks. (D) and (E) Mass spectrum of the peak (a) and the baseline (b) indicated in Figure 5C, respectively.
