Table 4.
Lag analysis of the association between low serum pepsinogen I or ghrelin concentrations by time to diagnosis since baseline and the risk of gastric noncardia adenocarcinoma (GNCA) or esophagogastric junctional adenocarcinoma (EGJA)*
| Time to diagnosis relative to baseline | No. of patients (%) | Pepsinogen I† |
Pepsinogen I‡ |
Ghrelin† |
Ghrelin§ |
||||
| OR (95% CI) | P | OR (95% CI) | P | OR (95% CI) | P | OR (95% CI) | P | ||
| GNCA | |||||||||
| Total No. of patients | 261 | 1.77 (0.85 to 3.71) | .13 | 1.09 (0.50 to 2.40) | .83 | 1.75 (1.49 to 2.04) | <.001 | 1.79 (1.52 to 2.13) | <.001 |
| <5 y | 70 (27) | 6.82 (2.86 to 16.26) | <.001 | 3.27 (1.24 to 8.65) | .02 | 2.56 (1.89 to 3.57) | <.001 | 2.56 (1.72 to 3.85) | <.001 |
| 5–10 y | 95 (36) | 0.47 (0.10 to 2.12) | .32 | 0.36 (0.08 to 1.67) | .19 | 1.67 (1.35 to 2.08) | <.001 | 1.70 (1.32 to 2.17) | <.001 |
| >10 y | 96 (37) | 0.54 (0.12 to 2.45) | .43 | 0.38 (0.08 to 1.78) | .22 | 1.61 (1.30 to 2.00) | <.001 | 1.72 (1.35 to 2.22) | <.001 |
| EGJA | |||||||||
| Total No. of patients | 98 | 3.00 (1.18 to 7.59) | .02 | 2.11 (0.81 to 5.50) | .13 | 1.56 (1.28 to 1.89) | <.001 | 1.67 (1.33 to 2.13) | <.001 |
| <5 y | 23 (24) | 23.21 (4.55 to 118.36) | <.001 | 17.60 (3.24 to 95.67) | .001 | 2.04 (1.30 to 3.23) | .002 | 2.33 (1.27 to 4.35) | .007 |
| 5–10 y | 31 (32) | 1.04 (0.13 to 8.55) | .97 | 0.73 (0.09 to 6.21) | .77 | 1.79 (1.25 to 2.56) | .002 | 1.82 (1.18 to 2.78) | .007 |
| >10 y | 44 (45) | 2.24 (0.59 to 8.50) | .24 | 1.63 (0.42 to 6.38) | .48 | 1.32 (1.03 to 1.69) | .03 | 1.47 (1.10 to 1.96) | .009 |
CI = confidence interval, OR = odds ratio.
Adjusted odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals were calculated by models adjusted for age at randomization, total years of smoking and total cigarettes per day, alcohol (g/d), body mass index (kg/m2), fruit intake (g/d), vegetable intake (g/d), post-primary school education, Helicobacter pylori (positive or negative), and Alpha-Tocopherol, Beta-Carotene Cancer Prevention treatment group.
Model was adjusted for age at randomization, total years of smoking and total cigarettes per day, alcohol (g/d), body mass index (kg/m2), fruit intake (g/d), vegetable intake (g/d), post-primary school education (yes or no), Helicobacter pylori (positive or negative), Alpha-Tocopherol, Beta-Carotene Cancer Prevention treatment group, and ghrelin (continuous, scaled to one half of the interquartile range, [Q3 − Q1]/2).
Model was adjusted for age at randomization, total years of smoking and total cigarettes per day, alcohol (g/d), body mass index (kg/m2), fruit intake (g/d), vegetable intake (g/d), post-primary school education (yes or no), Helicobacter pylori (positive or negative), Alpha-Tocopherol, Beta-Carotene Cancer Prevention treatment group, and low serum pepsinogen I (≤25 μg/L).