Figure 3. Time-dependent induction by interferons alpha and gamma of innate immune response proteins in primary hepatocytes.

Hepatocytes were exposed to either interferons alpha or gamma at 600 units/ml. At time points out to 24 h, as indicated, total cell protein was extracted and analyzed by immunoblot to detect the indicated host proteins. Note that after 2 hours of treatment with interferon gamma, the pSTAT1 increases but not the total STAT1; this is because only a small fraction of the total STAT1 undergoes phosphorylation.