Irradiated BPAEC do not exhibit apoptosis and senescence is ameliorated. Panel A: BPAEC cultured in 20% oxygen or 3% oxygen were exposed to 10 Gy iradiation, and whole cell lysates were harvested and assayed for caspase 3/7 activity 24 h postirradiation. When required, transfections with MnSOD were carried out 24 h before irradiation. As a positive control, BPAEC were treated with 1 μM staurosporine for 3 h prior to conducting the caspase activity assay. Panel B: Annexin V activity in unirradiated cells (20% and 3% oxygen), irradiated cells (10 Gy, 3% and 20% oxygen), and staurosporine-treated cells (1 μM for 3 h in 20% oxygen). Panel C: BPAEC were irradiated (10 Gy, 20% oxygen) and incubated along with control cells in 10% alamarBlue, starting at the times indicated, for 2 h before determining changes in fluorescence. Panel D: BPAEC cultured in 20% oxygen were exposed to 10 Gy and then analyzed for senescence-activated β-galactosidase activity 24 h postirradiation. When required, transfections with MnSOD or CuZnSOD were carried out 24 h before irradiation. Panel E: BPAEC cultured in 20% oxygen were exposed to 10 Gy and then analyzed for β-galactosidase activity 24 h postirradiation. When required, transfections with iNOS were carried out 24 h before irradiation.