Table 3.
High Stable | Decreasing | Low Stable | Increasing | ||||||||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Male | Female | Male | Female | Male | Female | Male | Female | ||||||||||||||||||
M | SD | n | M | SD | n | M | SD | n | M | SD | n | M | SD | n | M | SD | n | M | SD | n | M | SD | n | ||
Externalizing Behavior | T1 | 1.56 | .59 | 32 | 1.31 | .40 | 43 | 1.69 | .62 | 63 | 1.28 | .22 | 70 | 1.57 | .39 | 68 | 1.32 | .29 | 62 | 1.60 | .45 | 32 | 1.31 | .22 | 28 |
T2 | 1.52 | .49 | 47 | 1.23 | .21 | 76 | 1.67 | .61 | 111 | 1.24 | .19 | 115 | 1.48 | .32 | 104 | 1.29 | .21 | 95 | 1.58 | .43 | 62 | 1.34 | .31 | 53 | |
T3 | 1.48 | .49 | 36 | 1.17 | .16 | 61 | 1.44 | .43 | 79 | 1.22 | .21 | 92 | 1.32 | .23 | 70 | 1.24 | .17 | 77 | 1.66 | .55 | 47 | 1.26 | .30 | 45 | |
T4 | 1.30 | .24 | 9 | 1.17 | .14 | 29 | 1.32 | .26 | 31 | 1.18 | .13 | 33 | 1.29 | .21 | 16 | 1.19 | .14 | 30 | 1.65 | .72 | 20 | 1.17 | .29 | 19 | |
Prosocial behavior | T1 | 3.74 | .60 | 32 | 3.9 | .51 | 43 | 3.46 | .57 | 63 | 3.72 | .55 | 70 | 3.37 | .57 | 68 | 3.85 | .63 | 62 | 3.25 | .69 | 32 | 3.60 | .55 | 28 |
T2 | 3.66 | .58 | 47 | 3.8 | .61 | 76 | 3.33 | .59 | 111 | 3.77 | .61 | 115 | 3.34 | .65 | 104 | 3.88 | .60 | 95 | 3.45 | .68 | 62 | 3.75 | .53 | 53 | |
T3 | 3.74 | .57 | 36 | 3.9 | .62 | 61 | 3.48 | .67 | 79 | 3.77 | .56 | 92 | 3.45 | .68 | 70 | 3.92 | .65 | 77 | 3.34 | .67 | 47 | 3.74 | .61 | 45 | |
T4 | 3.70 | .32 | 9 | 3.9 | .66 | 29 | 3.46 | .57 | 31 | 3.88 | .76 | 33 | 3.33 | .46 | 16 | 3.87 | .69 | 30 | 3.50 | .58 | 20 | 4.06 | .52 | 19 | |
Deviant peer Involvement | T1 | 1.6 | .96 | 31 | 1.45 | .96 | 43 | 1.73 | 1.12 | 70 | 1.43 | .86 | 70 | 1.58 | .82 | 68 | 1.58 | .88 | 62 | 1.77 | 1.03 | 32 | 1.57 | .99 | 28 |
T2 | 1.6 | .93 | 47 | 1.40 | .65 | 76 | 1.93 | 1.02 | 115 | 1.53 | .78 | 115 | 1.88 | .89 | 103 | 1.67 | .82 | 95 | 1.87 | 1.03 | 62 | 1.47 | .87 | 53 | |
T3 | 1.9 | 1.47 | 36 | 1.43 | .75 | 60 | 2.00 | 1.01 | 92 | 1.70 | 1.08 | 92 | 1.87 | .71 | 70 | 1.79 | .85 | 77 | 2.45 | 1.76 | 47 | 1.42 | .58 | 45 | |
T4 | 1.6 | .65 | 9 | 1.26 | .41 | 29 | 1.83 | .74 | 33 | 1.53 | .63 | 33 | 2.04 | .55 | 16 | 1.86 | .80 | 30 | 2.21 | 1.05 | 20 | 1.34 | .54 | 19 | |
Religiosity | T3 | 4.61 | 1.43 | 31 | 4.91 | 1.38 | 56 | 2.75 | 1.44 | 64 | 3.19 | 1.30 | 77 | 1.35 | 1.39 | 55 | 1.76 | 1.55 | 70 | 3.49 | 1.82 | 37 | 4.41 | 1.37 | 39 |
T4 | 4.25 | 1.04 | 8 | 4.86 | 1.48 | 29 | 2.81 | 1.14 | 31 | 3.22 | 1.39 | 32 | 1.38 | 1.71 | 16 | 2.21 | 1.40 | 29 | 3.60 | 1.67 | 20 | 4.89 | 1.20 | 19 | |
Religious participation | T3 | 1.48 | .51 | 31 | 1.59 | .50 | 56 | 1.91 | .29 | 67 | 1.84 | .37 | 79 | 2.00 | .00 | 55 | 1.94 | .23 | 70 | 1.78 | .42 | 37 | 1.76 | .43 | 38 |
T4 | 1.56 | .53 | 9 | 1.66 | .48 | 29 | 1.90 | .30 | 31 | 1.81 | .40 | 32 | 2.00 | .00 | 16 | 1.90 | .31 | 29 | 1.75 | .44 | 20 | 1.72 | .46 | 18 |
Note. M = mean, SD = standard deviation, n = sample size, T = time.