Table 1.

Active ingredients and physio-pharmacological functions of P. cocos, A. macrocephala and A. sinensis.

Herbs	Active ingredients	Physio-pharmacological functions
P. cocos	Triterpene acids, Polysaccharides	Antitumor activity and DNA topoisomerases inhibitory activity, anti-inflammatory and anti-phospholipase A(2) activity, nematicidal, antioxidant, anti-cholinesterase, anti-rejection, anti-emetic and anti-nephritic effects
A. macrocephala	Volatile oils, Polysaccharides, Sesquiterpenes, Flavonoids	Anti-inflammatory, antitumor activity, gastrointestinal inhibitory effect, suppression of allergic diarrhea and uterine contraction, antioxidant and hypoglycemic effects, diuresis angiogenesis
A. sinensis	Volatile oils, Polysaccharides, Coumarin derivatives, Organic acids, Vitamins and minerals	Anticoagulation, antiplatelet activity, hematopoiesis, immune support, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antifibrotic and antispasmodic effects, uterine tonicity