Table 3.
Risk Ratios, Risk Differences,a and 95% Confidence Intervals for the Association Between Poor/Fair Self-rated Health and Wealth by Gender and Race, Panel Study of Income Dynamics, United States, 1984–2005b
| Menc (n = 6,801) |
Womend (n = 7,732) |
Whitee (n = 9,206) |
Nonwhitef (n = 5,586) |
|||||
| RR | 95% CI | RR | 95% CI | RR | 95% CI | RR | 95% CI | |
| ≤0 wealth | 1.41 | 1.02, 1.96 | 1.73 | 1.33, 2.25 | 1.89 | 1.47, 2.44 | 0.97 | 0.75, 1.25 |
| Quintile 1 | 1.38 | 1.09, 1.75 | 1.82 | 1.43, 2.31 | 1.63 | 1.29, 2.06 | 0.97 | 0.76, 1.24 |
| Quintile 2 | 1.25 | 0.99, 1.58 | 1.47 | 1.16, 1.87 | 1.33 | 1.07, 1.65 | 0.86 | 0.67, 1.10 |
| Quintile 3 | 1.13 | 0.91, 1.41 | 1.55 | 1.23, 1.95 | 1.14 | 0.93, 1.41 | 0.85 | 0.66, 1.08 |
| Quintile 4 | 1.12 | 0.90, 1.38 | 1.26 | 1.01, 1.56 | 1.03 | 0.84, 1.26 | 0.85 | 0.67, 1.08 |
| Quintile 5 | 1.00 | Referent | 1.00 | Referent | 1.00 | Referent | 1.00 | Referent |
| RD |
95% CI |
RD |
95% CI |
RD |
95% CI |
RD |
95% CI |
|
| ≤0 wealth | 21 | 9, 33 | 25 | 14, 37 | 22 | 11, 33 | 2 | −14, 18 |
| Quintile 1 | 14 | 4, 24 | 25 | 15, 35 | 17 | 9, 25 | 0 | −15, 15 |
| Quintile 2 | 11 | 2, 20 | 15 | 6, 23 | 10 | 3, 16 | −8 | −22, 6 |
| Quintile 3 | 5 | −3, 13 | 17 | 9, 26 | 5 | −1, 10 | −7 | −21, 7 |
| Quintile 4 | 5 | −3, 12 | 8 | 1, 15 | 1 | −4, 6 | −8 | −22, 6 |
| Quintile 5 | Referent | Referent | Referent | Referent | ||||
Abbreviations: CI, confidence interval; Q, quintile; RD, risk difference; RR, risk ratio.
Per 1,000 persons.
All models adjusted for baseline covariates and time-varying income and marital status.
Unweighted cutpoints for wealth quintiles that correspond to the wealth distribution among men: Q1 ($1–$12,902); Q2 ($12,903–$44,515); Q3 ($44,516–$104,860); Q4 ($104,861–$262,122); Q5 (≥$262,123). The average debt for the male population was $15,845.
Unweighted cutpoints for wealth quintiles that correspond to the wealth distribution among women: Q1 ($1–$10,557); Q2 ($10,558–$39,160); Q3 ($39,161–$94,369); Q4 ($94,370–$238,810); Q5 (≥$238,811). The average debt for the female population was $14,037.
Unweighted cutpoints for wealth quintiles that correspond to the wealth distribution among whites: Q1 ($1–$20,762); Q2 ($20,763–$67,303); Q3 ($67,304–$149,573); Q4 ($149,574–$334,019); Q5 (≥$334,020). The average debt for the white population was $18,288.
Unweighted cutpoints for wealth quintiles that correspond to the wealth distribution among nonwhites: Q1 ($1–$5,047); Q2 ($5,048–$18,730); Q3 ($18,731–$44,531); Q4 ($44,532–$98,336); Q5 (≥$98,337). The average debt for the nonwhite population was $10,774.