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. 2009 Nov;18(9):1299–1308. doi: 10.1089/scd.2008.0331

FIG. 4.

FIG. 4.

Effects of shear force on amniotic fluid-derived stem (AFS) cells differentiation. (A) Phase contrast photomicrographs of AFS cells cultured under static conditions or exposed to shear stress (12 dyne) for 24 and 48 h. (B) Up-regulation of endothelial cell (EC)-specific markers by shear force. Relative CD31 and vWF mRNA expression in AFS cells cultured in static conditions or exposed to shear stress for 48 h. Values of mRNA amounts were normalized to GAPDH expression and expressed relative to its static control for that experimental condition (n = 3). (C) CD31 and vWF protein expression as determined by flow cytometry analysis. Representative histograms for CD31 and vWF expression in cells exposed to shear stress (filled peaks) versus static control groups (open peaks). (D) Mean number of cells positive for CD31 or vWF in shear stress and control groups (*P < 0.05 vs. static control, n = 3).