Table 3.
Crude and adjusted incidence rate ratios for tuberculosis in the first year of antiretroviral therapy. Data from 15 antiretroviral treatment programmes in Africa, Asia and Latin America.
| Characteristic | No. of patients (%) |
No. of patients with TB |
Crude IRR (95% CI) |
P value | Adjusted IRR (95% CI) |
P value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CD4 cell count (cells/μL) | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | |||||
| <25 | 3037 | (15.6) | 208 | 1 | 1 | ||
| 25–49 | 2050 | (10.6) | 147 | 0.97 (0.78-1.20) | 0.97 (0.79-1.20) | ||
| 50–99 | 3527 | (18.2) | 208 | 0.74 (0.62-0.91) | 0.76 (0.62-0.92) | ||
| 100–199 | 6469 | (33.3) | 340 | 0.62 (0.53-0.75) | 0.63 (0.53-0.75) | ||
| 200–350 | 3247 | (16.7) | 135 | 0.55 (0.44-0.68) | 0.55 (0.44-0.69) | ||
| >350 | 1083 | (5.6) | 43 | 0.41 (0.30-0.57) | 0.46 (0.33-0.64) | ||
|
| |||||||
| Age (years) | 0.002 | 0.14 | |||||
| 16-29 | 4295 | (22.1) | 191 | 1 | 1 | ||
| 30-39 | 8836 | (45.5) | 517 | 1.33 (1.12-1.57) | 1.21 (1.02-1.43) | ||
| 40-49 | 4536 | (23.4) | 280 | 1.40 (1.16-1.68) | 1.19 (0.99-1.44) | ||
| ≥50 | 1746 | (9.0) | 93 | 1.25 (0.97-1.60) | 1.09 (0.84-1.40) | ||
|
| |||||||
| Gender | <0.0001 | 0.0001 | |||||
| Male | 7252 | (37.4) | 498 | 1 | 1 | ||
| Female | 12161 | (62.6) | 583 | 0.71 (0.62-0.80) | 0.77 (0.68-0.88) | ||
|
| |||||||
|
First-line antiretroviral
regimen |
0.055 | 0.047 | |||||
| NNRTI-based | 16861 | (86.9) | 1000 | 1 | 1 | ||
| PI-based | 1145 | (5.9) | 28 | 0.67 (0.45-1.02) | 0.67 (0.44-1.02) | ||
| Other | 1407 | (7.2) | 53 | 1.27 (0.92-1.76) | 1.29 (0.93-1.78) | ||
|
| |||||||
|
Isoniazid preventive
therapy |
<0.0001 | <0.0001 | |||||
| No | 17879 | (92.1) | 992 | 1 | 1 | ||
| Yes | 1534 | (7.9) | 89 | 0.25 (0.19-0.31) | 0.24 (0.19-0.31) | ||
IRR, incidence rate ratio
95% CI, 95% confidence interval
TB, tuberculosis
NNRTI, non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor
PI, protease inhibitor
P values from Wald tests. Models were adjusted for all variables listed in the table and the national TB incidence.