Table 1.
Univariate associations of demographic, baseline, vital signs, hospital complications, and procedures with the development of an infection and serious infection during the hospital stay.
| No infection N = 55 | Infection N = 39 | P | Serious infection N = 19 | P* | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Demographics, clinical variables on admission | |||||
| Age (years) | 69.2 ± 1.6 | 75.5 ± 8.9 | .006 | 74.6 ± 2.2 | NS |
| Male sex | 28 | 15 | NS | 8 | NS |
| Time symptom onset to admission (hours) | 5.2 ± 0.7 | 3.8 ± 0.7 | NS | 2.8 ± 1.2 | NS |
| History of diabetes mellitus | 18 | 17 | NS | 9 | NS |
| History of hypertension | 44 | 37 | NS | 18 | NS |
| History of metabolic syndrome | 15 | 14 | NS | 5 | NS |
| History of coronary artery disease | 24 | 20 | NS | 11 | NS |
| History of stroke | 9 | 5 | NS | 3 | NS |
| Admission NIHSS | 8.3 ± 0.6 | 13.3 ± 0.9 | <.0001 | 14.8 ± 1.3 | <.0001 |
| Thrombolysis (IV and/or IA) | 18 | 15 | NS | 10 | NS |
| Systolic blood pressure on admission (mm Hg) | 161.0 ± 4.1 | 170.6 ± 5.0 | NS | 171.6 ± 7.0 | NS |
| Diastolic blood pressure on admission (mm Hg) | 85.2 ± 2.5 | 84.9 ± 3.2 | NS | 84.0 ± 4.3 | NS |
| Heart rate on admission (bpm) | 81.6 ± 2.0 | 82.0 ± 2.5 | NS | 83.50 ± 3.6 | NS |
| Oxygen saturation on admission (%) | 95.6 ± 0.4 | 95.3 ± 0.3 | NS | 94.7 ± 0.6 | NS |
| Hospital complications and procedures | |||||
| Dysphagia | 8 | 23 | <.0001 | 16 | <.0001 |
| Central line | 1 | 14 | <.0001 | 13 | <.0001 |
| Urinary catheter | 16 | 38 | <.0001 | 19 | <.0001 |
| Mechanical ventilation | 1 | 11 | <.0001 | 10 | <.0001 |
| Length of hospital stay (days) | 9.9 ± 0.7 | 17.3 ± 1.2 | <.0001 | 20.7 ± 2.1 | <.0001 |
| Radiological variables | |||||
| DWI volume day 1 (cm3) | 11.3 ± 3.5 | 45.6 ± 11.9 | .002 | 58.0 ± 20.2 | .001 |
| FLAIR volume day 5–7 (cm3) | 15.8 ± 4.2 | 75.6 ± 17.8 | <.0001 | 105.3 ± 32.1 | <.0001 |
| Location of stroke | |||||
| Anterior insula included | 0 | 3 | .037 | 1 | NS |
| Posterior insula included | 9 | 2 | NS | 1 | NS |
| Entire insula included | 3 | 13 | <.0001 | 8 | .001 |
| MCA territory | 40 | 29 | NS | 15 | NS |
| ACA territory | 1 | 2 | NS | 1 | NS |
| PCA territory | 19 | 7 | NS | 3 | NS |
| Brain stem | 4 | 4 | NS | 2 | NS |
| Cerebellum | 5 | 1 | NS | 1 | NS |
| Right sided stroke | 25 | 16 | NS | 9 | NS |
| Left sided stroke | 24 | 19 | NS | 8 | NS |
| Bilateral stroke | 6 | 4 | NS | 2 | NS |
| Outcome | |||||
| mRS at 3 months | |||||
| 0 | 3 | 0 | <.0001 | 0 | <.0001 |
| 1 | 11 | 1 | 0 | ||
| 2 | 23 | 4 | 1 | ||
| 3 | 15 | 11 | 2 | ||
| 4 | 2 | 14 | 10 | ||
| 5 | 1 | 2 | 2 | ||
| 6 | 0 | 7 | 4 | ||
Data are shown as number for dichotomized variables mean ± standard error of the mean (SEM) for normally distributed continuous variables, or median (range) for abnormally distributed continuous variables. *P value for analysis of serious infection versus no infection.
NIHSS: National Institute of Health Stroke Scale; IV: intravenous; IA: intra-arterial; DWI: diffusion weighted imaging; FLAIR: fluid attenuated inversion recovery imaging; MCA: middle cerebral artery; ACA: anterior cerebral artery; PCA: posterior cerebral artery; mRS: modified Rankin scale.