Table 3.
Distribution and Association of CD14 -159 C > T and -4191 C > T Single Nucleotide Polymorphism (SNP) Genotypes and Alleles With Markers of Intestinal Inflammation in Travelers at Risk for Traveler’s Diarrhea (TD)
| Variable | Clinical outcome |
Fecal markers of intestinal inflammation No. of positive specimens/no. of stool specimens tested |
||||
| Healthy | TD | WBCs | RBCs | Mucus | Any | |
| CD14-159 C > T (n = 959) | n = 496 (52) | n = 463 (48) | n = 35/257 | n = 18/250 | n = 69/251 | n = 84 |
| Genotype | ||||||
| CC (n = 247) | 134 (27.0) | 113 (24.4) | 5 (14) | 3 (17) | 17 (25) | 19 (23) |
| CT (n = 440) | 240 (48.4) | 200 (43.2) | 17 (46) | 7 (39) | 31 (45) | 39 (46) |
| TT (n = 272) | 122 (24.6) | 150 (32.4) | 13 (37) | 8 (44) | 21 (30) | 26 (31) |
| P | .02a | .13b | .15b | .57b | .42b | |
| TT status | ||||||
| Non-TT (n = 687) | 374 (75.4) | 313 (67.6) | 22 (62.9) | 10 (55.6) | 48 (69.6) | 58 (69.0) |
| TT (n = 272) | 122 (24.6) | 150 (32.4) | 13 (37.1) | 8 (44.4) | 21 (30.4) | 26 (31.0) |
| RR (95% CI) | 1.21 (1.05–1.37) | 1.73 (0.90–3.29) | 2.36 (0.98–5.70) | 1.29 (0.79–2.06) | 1.31 (0.85–1.98) | |
| P | .008a | .11c | .09c | .3c | .2c | |
| Allele | ||||||
| C (n =934) | 508 (51.2) | 426 (46.0) | 27 (38.6) | 13 (36.1) | 65 (47.1) | 77 (45.8) |
| T (n =984) | 484 (48.8) | 500 (54.0) | 43 (61.4) | 23 (63.9) | 73 (52.9) | 91 (54.2) |
| RR (95% CI) | 0.94 (0.86–1.04) | 1.62 (1.02–2.57) | 1.82 (0.94–3.52) | 1.16 (0.85–1.58) | 1.20 (0.91–1.59) | |
| P | .23a | .04c | .09c | .41c | .21c | |
| CD14-4191 C > T (n =897) | n = 459 (51) | n = 438 (49) | n = 37/235 | n = 16/238 | n = 66/238 | n = 79 |
| Genotype | ||||||
| CC (n =538) | 255 (55.6) | 283 (64.6) | 30 (81) | 13 (81) | 48 (73) | 59 (75) |
| CT (n =310) | 170 (37.0) | 140 (31.9) | 7 (19) | 3 (19) | 16 (24) | 18 (23) |
| TT (n =49) | 34 (7.4) | 15 (3.4) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 2 (3) | 2 (2) |
| P | .003a | .007b | .11b | .02b | .005b | |
| CC status | ||||||
| CC (n =538) | 255 (55.6) | 283 (64.6) | 30 (81) | 13 (81) | 48 (73) | 59 (75) |
| Non-CC (n =359) | 204 (44.4) | 155 (35.4) | 7 (19) | 3 (19) | 18 (27) | 20 (25) |
| RR (95% CI) | 0.82 (0.71–0.95) | 0.31(0.14–0.70) | 0.30 (0.09–1.03) | 0.51 (0.31–0.85) | 0.47 (0.29–0.76) | |
| P | .006a | .003c | .06c | .01c | .001c | |
| Allele | ||||||
| C (n =1386) | 680 (74.1) | 706 (80.6) | 67 (90.5) | 29 (90.6) | 112 (84.8) | 136 (86.1) |
| T (n =408) | 238 (25.9) | 170 (19.4) | 7 (9.5) | 3 (9.4) | 20 (15.2) | 22 (13.9) |
| RR (95% CI) | 0.81 (0.72–0.93) | 0.32(0.15–0.68) | 0.30 (0.09–0.99) | 0.55 (0.35–0.86) | 0.51 (0.33–0.78) | |
| P | .001a | .001c | .03c | .007 c | .001c | |
NOTE. RBCs, red blood cells; WBCs, white blood cells.
a
2 × 2 χ2 test, comparing healthy subjects versus subjects with TD.
b
3 × 2 χ2 test, comparing the proportion of subjects with TD and given markers of intestinal inflammation versus healthy control subjects without TD.
c
2 × 2 χ2 test, comparing the proportion of subjects with TD and given markers of intestinal inflammation versus healthy control subjects without TD.