Table I.
Sociodemographic characteristics, selected maternal behavior, and reproductive histories of women in analysis: Right from the Start (2000–2004), n = 2407.
| n | % | |
|---|---|---|
| Study site | ||
| Raleigh | 1088 | 45.2 |
| Memphis | 897 | 37.3 |
| Galveston | 422 | 17.5 |
| Maternal age | ||
| <25 years old | 725 | 30.1 |
| 25–29 years old | 746 | 31.0 |
| 30–34 years old | 654 | 27.2 |
| ≥35 years old | 282 | 11.7 |
| Race/ethnicity | ||
| Non-Hispanic White | 1346 | 56.0 |
| Non-Hispanic Black | 762 | 31.7 |
| Hispanic | 208 | 8.7 |
| Asian/Other | 89 | 3.6 |
| Education | ||
| <12 years | 712 | 29.5 |
| ≥12 to <16 years | 516 | 21.5 |
| ≥16 years | 1178 | 49.0 |
| Marital status | ||
| Married | 1587 | 66.0 |
| Other | 819 | 34.0 |
| Income | ||
| ≤$40 000/year | 1003 | 43.4 |
| $40 001–$80 000/year | 765 | 33.2 |
| >$80 000/year | 540 | 23.4 |
| Smoking | ||
| None | 2276 | 94.5 |
| <10 cigarettes/day | 86 | 3.6 |
| ≥10 cigarettes/day | 45 | 1.9 |
| Alcohol use | ||
| Any | 58 | 2.4 |
| None | 2347 | 97.6 |
| Prepregnancy BMI (kg/m2)a | ||
| Underweight (<18.5) | 87 | 3.7 |
| Normal weight (18.5–24.9) | 1191 | 50.8 |
| Overweight (25.0–29.9) | 564 | 24.1 |
| Obese (≥30.0) | 502 | 21.4 |
| Age at menarche | ||
| ≤11 years old | 531 | 22.2 |
| 12–13 years old | 1258 | 52.7 |
| ≥14 years old | 599 | 25.1 |
| Parity | ||
| Nulliparous | 1193 | 49.6 |
| 1 | 759 | 31.5 |
| 2+ | 455 | 18.9 |
| Pregnancy loss history | ||
| No prior loss | 720 | 29.9 |
| ≥1 pregnancy with no loss | 1178 | 48.9 |
| ≥1 pregnancy with ≥1 loss | 509 | 21.2 |
| NVPb symptom severity | ||
| No symptom | 279 | 11.6 |
| Nausea symptoms only | 852 | 35.4 |
| Nausea and vomiting | 1274 | 53.0 |
aBMI, body mass index, based on World Health Organization classifications.
bNVP, nausea and vomiting during pregnancy.