Table 5.
Multivariate analyses of mortality from lung cancer of men who were current smokers, according to tar level of cigarette smoked in 1982*
|
Hazard ratio (95% CI)
|
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| No of participants | No of deaths | Without cigarettes/day as covariate | With cigarettes/day as covariate | |
| Entire cohort | ||||
| 0-7 mg | 6 243 | 103 | 1.17 (0.95 to 1.45) | 1.11 (0.90 to 1.37) |
| 8-14 mg | 27 044 | 378 | 1.02 (0.90 to 1.16) | 1.00 (0.88 to 1.14) |
| 15-21 mg | 38 527 | 563 | 1.0 | 1.0 |
| ≥22 mg | 6 439 | 150 | 1.44 (1.20 to 1.73) | 1.43 (1.19 to 1.71) |
| Unclassifiable | 22 615 | 410 | 1.10 (0.97 to 1.25) | 1.12 (0.98 to 1.27) |
| Excluding history of emphysema | ||||
| 0-7 mg | 5 896 | 84 | 1.11 (0.88 to 1.40) | 1.05 (0.83 to 1.32) |
| 8-14 mg | 25 835 | 322 | 0.99 (0.86 to 1.14) | 0.97 (0.85 to 1.12) |
| 15-21 mg | 36 832 | 495 | 1.0 | 1.0 |
| ≥22 mg | 6 089 | 135 | 1.48 (1.22 to 1.79) | 1.46 (1.21 to 1.77) |
| Unclassifiable | 21 579 | 373 | 1.13 (0.99 to 1.30) | 1.16 (1.01 to 1.32) |
| Excluding prevalent smoking related diseases† | ||||
| 0-7 mg | 4 026 | 47 | 1.04 (0.76 to 1.42) | 0.97 (0.71 to 1.32) |
| 8-14 mg | 17 527 | 181 | 0.95 (0.78 to 1.14) | 0.93 (0.77 to 1.12) |
| 15-21 mg | 24 653 | 282 | 1.0 | 1.0 |
| ≥22 mg | 3 967 | 69 | 1.38 (1.06 to 1.79) | 1.36 (1.05 to 1.77) |
| Unclassifiable | 14 624 | 214 | 1.12 (0.93 to 1.34) | 1.15 (0.96 to 1.38) |
| Smoked current brand for ≥5 years | ||||
| 0-7 mg | 2 328 | 42 | 1.18 (0.86 to 1.63) | 1.09 (0.79 to 1.50) |
| 8-14 mg | 16 362 | 238 | 1.04 (0.88 to 1.21) | 1.02 (0.87 to 1.19) |
| 15-21 mg | 29 796 | 426 | 1.0 | 1.0 |
| ≥22 mg | 5 777 | 131 | 1.47 (1.20 to 1.78) | 1.45 (1.19 to 1.77) |
| Unclassifiable | 13 405 | 230 | 1.11 (0.94 to 1.30) | 1.12 (0.95 to 1.31) |
| Smoked current brand for ≥10 years | ||||
| 0-7 mg | 817 | 15 | 1.16 (0.69 to 1.96) | 1.11 (0.66 to 1.86) |
| 8-14 mg | 9 313 | 145 | 1.08 (0.89 to 1.32) | 1.06 (0.88 to 1.29) |
| 15-21 mg | 23 775 | 339 | 1.0 | 1.0 |
| ≥22 mg | 5 513 | 128 | 1.53 (1.25 to 1.88) | 1.52 (1.24 to 1.87) |
| Unclassifiable | 9 881 | 173 | 1.13 (0.94 to 1.35) | 1.14 (0.95 to 1.37) |
| 8 mg in very low tar category | ||||
| 0-8 mg | 11 441 | 173 | 1.11 (0.93 to 1.32) | 1.07 (0.90 to 1.27) |
| 9-14 mg | 21 846 | 308 | 1.02 (0.89 to 1.17) | 1.00 (0.87 to 1.15) |
| 15-21 mg | 38 527 | 563 | 1.0 | 1.0 |
| ≥22 mg | 6 439 | 150 | 1.44 (1.20 to 1.73) | 1.43 (1.19 to 1.71) |
| Unclassifiable | 22 615 | 410 | 1.10 (0.97 to 1.25) | 1.12 (0.98 to 1.27) |
| 15 mg in low tar category | ||||
| 0-7 mg | 6 243 | 103 | 1.17 (0.94 to 1.46) | 1.11 (0.89 to 1.38) |
| 8-15 mg | 38 436 | 549 | 1.01 (0.89 to 1.15) | 1.00 (0.88 to 1.14) |
| 16-21 mg | 27 135 | 392 | 1.0 | 1.0 |
| ≥22 mg | 6 439 | 150 | 1.44 (1.19 to 1.74) | 1.43 (1.18 to 1.72) |
| Unclassifiable | 22 615 | 410 | 1.09 (0.95 to 1.26) | 1.12 (0.97 to 1.28) |
Covariates included age when started smoking (see tables 1, 2, 3, 4); education (≤high school graduate, some college or vocational school, college graduate or higher, missing); race (white, non-white, missing); marital status (married, not married, missing); current or most recent job (blue collar, not blue collar, missing); weekly intake of vegetables and citrus fruits (categorised by fifths, and missing); use of vitamin A, E, and C (<15 times/month, ≥15 times/month, missing); occupational asbestos exposure (exposed <10 years; ≥10 years); and, in right column, cigarettes smoked/day (see tables 1, 2, 3, 4).
Prevalent smoking related diseases included emphysema, chronic bronchitis, heart disease or use of heart medication, stroke, diabetes, pain in legs, or sick at time of survey.