Table 2. Chemotherapy Used for AT/RT in Children.
| Author (year) (ref) | Age range at dx | n | First line Chemotherapy | Outcomes |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Biegel (1990) [44] | 6 mos - 12 mos | 3 | Cy, VP-16, Cis, Vcr/Cis, Cy, Vcr, Mtx, CCNU/Vcr, BCNU, Proc, Hydroxy, Cis, Ara-C | DOD 3 - 5 mos |
| Agranovich (1992) [54] | 33 mos | 1 | Cis, Doxo | DOD 8 mos |
| Weinblatt (1992) [55] | - | 1 | Vcr, Act-D, Doxo, IT Mtx, IT Ara-C, IT HC | NED 5 + yrs |
| Hanna (1993) [56] | 8 mos - 6 yrs | 3 | Vcr, VP-16, Cis, Cy, Vcr, nitrogen mustard, IT Mtx/Ifos, VP-16, Carbo | DOD 6 - 15 mos |
| Olson (1995) [47] | 18 mos - 5 yrs | 3 | IRS III based (Vcr, Cis, Doxo, Cy, VP-16, Act-D, IT Mtx, IT Ara-C, IT HC) | NED 6 - 42 mos |
| Dang (2003) [57] | 4 wks - 25 mos | 3 | Vcr, Cy, Act-D, Doxo, Vcr, VP-16, Cis, Cy, Doxo, Ifos, IT thio/VP-16, Cis | DOD 5 mos - 1 year |
| Izychka-Swieszewska (2003) [58] | 5 mos | 8-in-1 (Vcr, CCNU, Proc, Hydroxy, Cis, Ara-C, Cy, MP) | DOD 8 mos | |
| Wharton (2003) [59] | 31 mos - 14 yrs | 3 | UKCCSG SIOP PNET (Vcr, VP-16, Carbo, Cy)/UKCCSG infant brain tumor protocol (Vcr, Carbo, Cy, Mtx, Cis) | DOD 11 mos AWD at 1 year NED 4 yrs |
| Zimmerman (2005) [60] | 14 mos - 11 yrs | 4 | DFCI/IRS III modified* (Vcr, Cis, Doxo, Dexraz, Cy, VP-16, Actino, Tmz, IT Mtx, IT Ara-C, IT HC) | NED 33 mos - 4 yrs |
| Chen (2006) [28] | 24 mos - 11.2 yrs | 11 | VIP (Vinb, Ifos, Cis), IT Mtx +/-, ACNU/ICE + CECAT (Cy, VP-16, Carbo, Thio) | DOD 7 - 24 mos AWD 15 - 17 mos NED 35 - 105 mos |
| Fidani (2009) [61] | 16 mos - 8.6 yrs | 8 | ICE + CECAT (Cy, VP-16, Carbo, Thio)/ICE/ICE+TMZ | DOD 8 - 13 mos AWD 5 - 38 mos NED 101 - 105 mos |
| Gardner (2008) [62] | 4 - 52 mos | 13 | HSI (Induction: Cis, VP-16, Cy, Vcr, Consolid: Carbo, Thio, VP-16, ASCR)/HS II (same as HS I plus Mtx in Induction) | DOD/DOC 0.5 - 11.5 mos NED 42 - 67 mos |
| Lassaletta (2009) [63] | 8 mos | ACNS 0121 (Vcr, Cy, Carbo, VP-16) and IT depot Ara-C | DOD 2 mos | |
| Biswas (2009) [64] | 6 years | GTR, CSRT, VAC (Vcr, Doxo, Cy) | NED 24 mos | |
| 6 years | STR, VAC | DOD < 2 mos | ||
| 5 years | STR, CSRT, VAC | AWD? | ||
| 18 mos | STR, ICE | DOD < 2 mos | ||
| Chi (2009) [45] | 4 mos - 8.4 yrs | 18 | GTR, CRT, modified IRS-III (Vcr, Dactino, Cy, Cis, Doxo, Tmz, IT Mtx, Ara-C, HC) | DOD/DOC 1 - 24 mos AWD 17 - 34 mos NED 18 - 40 mos |
| Ertan (2009) [65] | 8 mos - 8 yrs | 2 | ICE | DOD 4 - 5 mos |
| Wang (2009) [66] | 16 - 42 mos | Cis, Ifos, VP-16, IT ACNU/TMZ** | AWD 12 mos NED 59 mos |
Ara-C: cytarabine; AWD: alive with disease; Bx: biopsy; Carbo: carboplatin; Cis: cisplatin; CSRT: craniospinal radiation therapy; Cy: cyclophosphamide; DOC: dead of complications; DOD: dead of disease; EBRT: external beam radiation therapy; GTR: gross total resection; HC: hydrocortisione; Hydroxy: hydroxyurea; ICE: ifosphamide, carboplatin, etoposide; Ifos: ifosphamide; IT: intrathecal; Mtx: methotrexate; NED: no evidence of disease; Proc: procarbazine; STR: subtotal resection; Tmz: temozolomide; Vcr: vincristine; VP-16: etoposide. * One patient received this second-line. ** One patient only received second-line chemotherapy.