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. 2011 Jul 21;6(7):e21779. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0021779

Table 1. Plasma PQQ and mtDNA/nuclear DNA Ratio Levels.

PQQ (nM) in Plasma and Tissues
Parameters PQQ Treatments1,2
Experiment Designation Tissue PQQ+ PQQ− PQQ−/+
Lipid Assessment Plasma (Adult) 5.2±1.3 3.5±2.1* 17.0±4.5**
Liver (Adult) 21.3±16.4 5.4±2.6** 26.1±17.2
Heart (Adult) 3.4±1.9 2.4±1.0* 13.6±10.2*
Energy, Glucose, insulin, FFA Assessment Plasma(Weanling/young) 10.1±4.7 0.71±0.35*** 16.4±2.9
Glucose, insulin, FFA Plasma (Adult) 11.3±6.7 2.6±1.35** 18.5±4.9
Ischemia Reperfusion Plasma (Adult) 10.7±2.1 0.7±1.5** ND
mtDNA/NuclearDNA Ratio3
Lipid Assessment Liver (Adult) 1.0±0.18 0.78±0.12** 1.3±0.06
Energy, Glucose, insulin, FFA Assessment Liver(Weanling/young) 1.0±0.18 0.84±0.07 1.06±0.08
Glucose, insulin, FFA Liver (Adult) 1.06±0.19 0.77±0.15* 1.28±0.19
Heart (Adult) 1.0±0.21 0.85±0.17 1.1±0.2
Ischemia Reperfusion Liver (Adult) 1.0±0.08 0.72±0.1** 1.1±0.1
1

Rats were fed an amino acid-based semi-purified diet either deficient in PQQ (PQQ−) or with PQQ added at 2 mg/kg diet (PQQ+). Rats initially fed PQQ− diets were also repleted with PQQ by i.p. injection (4.5 mg PQQ/Kg BW/24 hours X 3).

2

The superscripts *, **, *** represent significance relative to the PQQ+ group at p<0.2; <0.05; or p<0.01, respectively.

3

The relative amounts of liver mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) and nuclear DNA were measured by real-time PCR. The targeted genes were the nuclear cystic fibrosis and the mitochondrial nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide dehydrogenase-5 gene. When corresponding values for liver in each experiment are averaged, the liver values were significant at p<0.01 (PQQ+ vs PQQ− and PQQ+ vs PQQ −/+ based on ANOVA analysis using a Bonferoni correction); for heart, p<0.3.