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. 2011 Jul 21;7(7):e1002160. doi: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1002160

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Perfeito et al.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are properly credited.

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The fitness cost of the lac pathway is shown as a function of the protein production rate and the transport rate . The fitness landscape obtained from our model (shaded surface) is strongly nonlinear and has two branches. The stable part of the landscape (solid shading) ends at a fitness cliff (solid blue line), beyond which populations cannot maintain growth. The remaining part of the lower fitness branch is unstable (striped shading). Protein expression and activity of viable populations are bounded by a barrier (dotted blue line). Model predictions of pathway phenotypes and fitness for individual strains under varying inducer concentrations are shown as a family of red lines (light red: wild type, dark red: operator mutant strains). Experimental fitness values are shown as dots (the offset from the model surface is marked by gray lines).

Inline graphic — The fitness cost of the lac pathway is shown as a function of the protein production rate and the transport rate . The fitness landscape obtained from our model (shaded surface) is strongly nonlinear and has two branches. The stable part of the landscape (solid shading) ends at a fitness cliff (solid blue line), beyond which populations cannot maintain growth. The remaining part of the lower fitness branch is unstable (striped shading). Protein expression and activity of viable populations are bounded by a barrier (dotted blue line). Model predictions of pathway phenotypes and fitness for individual strains under varying inducer concentrations are shown as a family of red lines (light red: wild type, dark red: operator mutant strains). Experimental fitness values are shown as dots (the offset from the model surface is marked by gray lines).