Table 8. Factors associated with any anemia (hemoglobin <11 gm/dl) in children <5 years old in eight districts, Malawi, 2009 (N = 6,818).

Variable	Anemia prevalence	Adjusted odds ratio
	n/N (%; 95%CIa)	(95%CIa)	p-value
District
Blantyre	332/674 (49%; 42–56)	Referent	Referent
Chiradzulu	422/834 (50%; 43–57)	0.89 (0.61–1.30)	0.55
Karonga	373/662 (58%; 48–68)	1.48 (0.93–2.36)	0.10
Lilongwe	516/806 (63%; 53–73)	1.53 (0.92–2.55)	0.10
Mwanza	595/977 (61%; 55–68)	1.37 (0.93–2.03)	0.11
Nkhotakhota	530/835 (64%; 57–69)	1.96 (1.27–3.02)	0.002
Phalombe	528/900 (59%; 53–65)	1.22 (0.84–1.76)	0.31
Rumphi	362/1130 (32%; 27–37)	0.45 (0.32–0.64)	<0.001
Socioeconomic status by asset index
Poorest	801/1287 (65%; 58–72)	1.74 (1.13–2.68)	0.01
Second	729/1239 (61%; 56–67)	1.66 (1.18–2.32)	0.004
Third	878/1605 (59%; 54–65)	1.57 (1.11–2.22)	0.01
Fourth	725/1434 (53%; 47–59)	1.30 (0.94–1.82)	0.12
Least poor	525/1253 (45%; 37–53)	Referent	Referent
Bednet use
Used an ITN the previous night	2188/4127 (56%; 51–61)	0.79 (0.62–0.99)	0.04
Used an untreated net the previous night	227/491 (43%; 32–54)	0.52 (0.34–0.80)	0.003
Did not use a net	1243/2200 (62%; 56–68)	Referent	Referent
IRS use
Lives in a house that received IRS	159/289 (54%; 47–61)	0.63 (0.42–0.93)	0.02
No IRS	3499/6529 (57%; 52–62)	Referent	Referent

^a95% confidence interval.