NF-κB interactions in cancer. NF-κB interacts with many transcription factors and transcriptional regulators. The interactions could be direct at the promoter, such as in AP1, HIF-1α, Notch1, JunD, CREB, SP1 or off the promoter, such as STAT3, p53 or both. The single-head arrow indicates activation, whereas the double-head arrow indicates direct and indirect activation. The blunt-end arrow indicates inhibition and negative regulation. For PPARs, see (Delerive et al., 1999; Chung et al., 2000; Planavila et al., 2005); for SIRT1 (Yeung et al., 2004); for Sir2 (Yang et al., 2007); for RXR (Na et al., 1999); for Daxx (Park et al., 2007); for GR (Ray and Prefontaine, 1994); for ER (Galien and Garcia, 1997); for SMRT (Lee et al., 2000); for Egr-1 (Chapman and Perkins, 2000); for HDACs (Ashburner et al., 2001; Liu et al., 2005); for PIAS (Chen et al., 2001); for FoxO4 (Zhou et al., 2009); for κB-ras (Tago et al., 2010); for β-catenin (Deng et al., 2002); for Egr-3 & 4 (Wieland et al., 2005); for TFIIB (Schmitz et al., 1995); for p300 (Morimoto et al., 2008); for BRCA1 (Benezra et al., 2003); for E2F1 (Lim et al., 2007); for IRF-1 (Sgarbanti et al., 2008); for SP-1 (Perkins et al., 1993); for C/EBPβ (Zwergal et al., 2006); for JunD (Toualbi-Abed et al., 2008); for Notch-1 (Cheng et al., 2001); for SRF (Franzoso et al., 1996); for HIF-1α (Scortegagna et al., 2008); for MEF2 (Kumar et al., 2005); for p53 (Jeong et al., 2004); for STAT3 (Yoshida et al., 2004; Yu and Kone, 2004); for AP-1 (Stein et al., 1993); for CDX2 (Kim et al., 2004); for PR (Kovalenko et al., 2003); and for AR (Palvimo et al., 1996).