Table 2.
Socio-demographic factors, skin color of the child, performance of domestic chores by the child and child labor in the two birth cohorts.
| Variables | Ribeirão Preto | São Luís | P value | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| n | % weighted* | n | % weighted* | ||
| Sex | 0.724 | ||||
| Female | 402 | 50.8 | 348 | 51.7 | |
| Male | 388 | 49.2 | 325 | 48.3 | |
| Skin color of the child | <0.001 | ||||
| White | 444 | 56.3 | 158 | 23.5 | |
| Black | 31 | 4.3 | 50 | 7.1 | |
| Brown/Mulatto | 304 | 37.9 | 463 | 69.1 | |
| Yellow/Indigenous | 11 | 1.5 | 2 | 0.3 | |
| Monthly family income (minimum wages) | <0.001 | ||||
| < 1 | 36 | 4.5 | 149 | 23.0 | |
| 1 to <4 | 396 | 50.1 | 454 | 69.8 | |
| 4 to < 10 | 243 | 32.6 | 33 | 4.8 | |
| ≥ 10 | 103 | 12.8 | 19 | 2.5 | |
| Missing | 12 | - | 18 | - | |
| Occupation of household head | <0.001 | ||||
| Non-manual | 150 | 19.1 | 85 | 12.3 | |
| Manual skilled/semiskilled | 296 | 37.5 | 200 | 30.0 | |
| Unskilled manual/unemployed | 340 | 43.4 | 384 | 57.8 | |
| Missing | 4 | - | 4 | - | |
| Maternal schooling (years) | 0.001 | ||||
| 0 to 4 | 345 | 43.9 | 223 | 34.4 | |
| 5 to 8 | 164 | 21.6 | 154 | 23.4 | |
| ≥ 9 | 273 | 34.5 | 278 | 42.2 | |
| Missing | 8 | - | 18 | - | |
| Paternal schooling (years) | 0.002 | ||||
| 0 to 4 | 372 | 48.0 | 248 | 38.9 | |
| 5 to 8 | 148 | 19.5 | 128 | 20.3 | |
| ≥ 9 | 261 | 32.5 | 256 | 40.8 | |
| Missing | 9 | - | 41 | - | |
| Performance of domestic chores by the child | <0.001 | ||||
| Yes | 686 | 87.3 | 644 | 95.7 | |
| No | 104 | 12.7 | 27 | 4.4 | |
| Missing | 0 | - | 2 | - | |
| Child labor | 0.269 | ||||
| Yes | 24 | 2.9 | 13 | 1.9 | |
| No | 766 | 97.2 | 659 | 98.1 | |
| Missing | 0 | - | 1 | - | |
Ribeirão Preto, 2004/05 and São Luís, 2005/06.
* Percentages may not add to 100% because of rounding. Missing values were excluded from percentages and P-value calculations.